可验证的盲概率误差消除
Verifiable blind probabilistic error cancellation
AI总结：
研究针对不可信量子硬件上端到端安全性问题，提出可验证的盲概率误差消除（VBPEC）协议，将概率误差消除技术纳入可组合安全范围，通过扩展验证方法和开发新证明技术，实现主动消除噪声，提高验证实用性，为委托量子计算奠定基础。
AI中文摘要：
量子误差缓解（QEM）是减轻硬件噪声而不产生空间开销的重要工具，但其可靠性依赖于建模、校准和实现，使得在不可信量子硬件上的端到端安全性未得到解决。本文通过引入可验证的盲概率误差消除（VBPEC）来解决这一问题，它是首个针对完全恶意对手且集成了QEM的安全验证协议。VBPEC将广泛研究的概率误差消除（PEC）技术纳入可组合安全范围，通过形式化委托缓解作为抽象密码框架中的一种加密资源来实现。该协议以完美的盲性和指数级小的安全误差执行PEC，仅因QEM过程产生额外重复的开销。通过扩展基于陷阱的验证并开发新的证明技术，VBPEC能主动消除噪声，以高概率接受正确缓解的估计且不影响安全性。该框架为未来量子硬件上安全、可靠且实用的委托量子计算奠定了基础，从根本上提高了验证的实用性。
英文摘要：
Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is an essential tool for mitigating hardware noise without incurring space overhead. Yet, its reliability depends on modeling, calibration, and implementation, leaving end-to-end security on untrusted quantum hardware unresolved. We address this problem by introducing verifiable blind probabilistic error cancellation (VBPEC), the first secure verification protocol against a fully malicious adversary that integrates QEM. VBPEC brings probabilistic error cancellation (PEC), a widely studied QEM technique, within the scope of composable security by formalizing delegated mitigation as a cryptographic resource in the abstract cryptography framework. The protocol performs PEC with perfect blindness and an exponentially small security error. VBPEC retains the absence of quantum-space overhead from recent statistically-secure verified quantum computation protocols and from PEC. The only overhead takes the form of additional repetitions due to the QEM procedure. To achieve this, we extend trap-based verification from deterministic pass/fail checks to statistical tests that benefit from QEM and develop a new proof technique that integrates the corresponding additional deviation sources. Rather than merely tolerating honest noise below a fixed threshold, VBPEC actively cancels it, enabling correctly mitigated estimates to be accepted with high probability without compromising security. Our framework thus establishes an essential route towards secure, reliable, and practical delegated quantum computation on near-future quantum hardware: VBPEC fundamentally improves the practicality of verification.
