AI 中文总结
研究溃坝波冲击垂直壁面时的涡旋动力学与空气卷入，采用基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的两相数值模型模拟，发现压力峰值受波前偏转和局部曝气影响，且大空气腔形成或因建模假设，凸显近壁剪切在射流破碎动力学中的作用。
AI 中文摘要
空气卷入在确定自由表面波流与结构相互作用所施加的冲击载荷中往往起着关键作用，但其在数值方法中的建模通常过于简化。本研究采用基于格子玻尔兹曼方法并耦合保守艾伦 - 卡恩界面捕捉方程的两相数值模型，对干床面上传播并冲击垂直壁面的溃坝波进行直接数值模拟。高分辨率模拟能够详细评估精确解析气 - 水和固 - 水界面如何影响局部和整体动力学以及极端工程关注的量。压力峰值的大小和位置受小角涡旋引起的波前偏转和局部曝气强烈影响。此外，无滑移和自由滑移实现之间的比较表明，通常观察到被困在反射射流回落至入流中的大空气腔形成可能是建模假设的结果，而非内在流动物理，再次突出了近壁剪切在射流破碎动力学中的关键作用。
英文摘要
Air entrainment often plays a crucial role in determining impact loads exerted by free-surface wave flows interacting with structures, yet its modelling is often oversimplified in numerical approaches. In this study a two-phase numerical model, based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method coupled to a conservative Allen--Cahn interface-capturing equation is employed to perform direct numerical simulations of dam-break waves propagating over a dry bed and impacting on vertical walls. Access to high-resolution simulations enables a detailed assessment of how accurately resolving both air--water and solid--water interfaces affects local and overall dynamics, as well as quantities of extreme engineering interest. Indeed, the magnitudes and locations of the pressure peaks are strongly affected by wave front deflection and local aeration induced by a small corner vortex. Additionally, comparisons between no-slip and free-slip implementations suggest that the large air cavity formation, commonly observed as trapped inside the reflected jet falling back onto the incoming flow, may be the result of modeling assumptions rather than intrinsic flow physics, again highlighting the key role of near-wall shear in jet breakup dynamics.
