被动式可穿戴生理监测追踪静息心率中的州级物质困难梯度
Passive wearable physiology tracks a state-level material-hardship gradient in resting heart rate
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究利用可穿戴设备数据探究静息心率与州级物质困难梯度的关系，通过计算相关指标并调整多种因素，发现被动式可穿戴生理监测能追踪到此前临床研究确立的梯度，无需调查用户，且该梯度在多种检验下稳定存在。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
静息心率是心血管风险的既定指标，但大规模测量依赖于临床或调查工具。我们探究被动感知的消费级可穿戴生理数据能否揭示临床队列中确立的社会经济梯度。利用来自Welltory应用程序18734名自愿用户的1910万条经过质量过滤的光电容积脉搏波描记术读数，计算美国各州经队列调整的日间静息心率均值，并将其与一个由四个部分组成的州级物质困难综合指标（未参保、粮食不安全、公用事业中断、住房不安全；41个州有模块覆盖，12497名贡献用户）相关联。在调整了六个州健康和行为指标、纬度、年龄中位数及人口密度后，州静息心率与困难程度的偏斯皮尔曼相关系数为ρ = +0.74（自抽样95%置信区间为[+0.31, +0.87]；在保守的两阶段自抽样中，该区间为[+0.06, +0.79]，此自抽样还对州内用户进行了再抽样）。在各种检验下梯度均为正：留一州法（+0.67至+0.79）、人口统计重新加权、成分和普查区域固定效应（+0.75，+0.78）、分割样本重抽样（留出中位数为+0.51至+0.56）以及减少变体如重度佩戴子样本（+0.48）；残差无明显空间自相关性。在同一面板的其他两个指标中未发现此梯度，且在相同调整下收入或不平等情况与之不匹配。五个物质困难程度最高州的用户比五个最低州的用户平均每分钟心率快1.33次。被动式消费级可穿戴生理监测在区域层面追踪到了此前主要在临床和队列研究中确立的梯度，且无需对用户进行调查。该综合指标是在探索性分析中选定的，此前一个预先指定的更广泛的不稳定指数关联较弱（+0.29）；此关联为横断面和生态关联。
英文摘要
Resting heart rate is an established marker of cardiovascular risk, but population-scale measurement has depended on clinical or survey instruments. We ask whether passively sensed consumer-wearable physiology recovers the socioeconomic gradient established in clinical cohorts. Using 19.1 million quality-filtered photoplethysmography readings from 18,734 opt-in users of the Welltory app, we computed cohort-adjusted mean daytime resting heart rate per US state and related it to a four-component state-level material-hardship composite (uninsurance, food insecurity, utility shutoff, housing insecurity; 41 states with module coverage, 12,497 contributing users). Adjusting for six state health and behaviour indicators, latitude, median age, and density, state resting heart rate tracked hardship at partial Spearman $ρ= +0.74$ (bootstrap 95\% CI $[+0.31, +0.87]$; $[+0.06, +0.79]$ under a conservative two-stage bootstrap that also resamples users within states). The gradient stayed positive under every check: leave-one-state-out ($+0.67$ to $+0.79$), demographic re-weighting, composition and census-region fixed effects ($+0.75$, $+0.78$), split-sample resampling (held-out median $+0.51$ to $+0.56$), and reduced variants such as a heavy-wear subsample ($+0.48$); residuals carry no detectable spatial autocorrelation. It was absent in two other metrics from the same panel and not matched by income or inequality under the same adjustment. Users in the five highest-hardship states averaged $+1.33$ bpm over those in the five lowest. Passive consumer-wearable physiology tracks, at the area level, a gradient previously established primarily in clinical and cohort studies, without surveying the users themselves. The composite was selected in exploratory analysis, after a pre-specified broader precarity index gave a weaker association ($+0.29$); the association is cross-sectional and ecological.
