AI 中文总结
针对传统夏克-哈特曼波前传感器的局限，提出实时、兆像素、千赫兹神经形态SHWFS，在静态和动态场景测试中表现出色，能降低波前重建误差，实现高速质心跟踪及高吞吐量处理，建立了统一神经形态框架。
AI 中文摘要
传统基于帧的夏克-哈特曼波前传感器（SHWFS）受动态范围以及空间和时间分辨率内在权衡的限制，高带宽采集对实时波前重建带来额外挑战。本文提出一种实时、兆像素、千赫兹神经形态SHWFS以克服这些限制。在静态光学计量中，该方法在极端光照不均匀情况下实现一次性波前采集，在20Hz采集频率下动态范围达260dB。与传统基于帧的SHWFS相比，明暗子孔径中波前重建误差分别降低59%和70%。对于动态波前传感，系统在兆像素视场以千赫兹速率进行质心跟踪，延迟为微秒级。在不同动态场景下验证了系统的准确性和可靠性。在标准CPU上每个子孔径处理吞吐量达420,737Hz，无需专门硬件加速即可实现高速实时计算。这些结果建立了一个统一的神经形态SHWFS框架，用于高保真一次性静态波前重建和实时高带宽动态波前传感。
英文摘要
Conventional frame-based Shack--Hartmann wavefront sensors (SHWFS) are limited by dynamic range and the intrinsic trade-off between spatial and temporal resolution, while high-bandwidth acquisition poses additional challenges for real-time wavefront reconstruction. This work presents a real-time, megapixel, kilohertz neuromorphic SHWFS to overcome these limitations. In static optical metrology, the proposed pipeline achieves one-shot wavefront acquisition under extreme illumination non-uniformity, reaching a dynamic range of 260 dB at a 20 Hz acquisition frequency. Owing to this high dynamic range and the concomitant high-intensity resolution, wavefront reconstruction errors in dim and bright sub-apertures are reduced by 59\% and 70\%, respectively, relative to conventional frame-based SHWFS. For dynamic wavefront sensing, the system provides kilohertz-rate centroid tracking over a megapixel field of view with microsecond-scale latency. Centroid localization errors are 0.18 pixels during optical alignment supervision and 0.26 pixels in high-speed turbulence observation, verifying the accuracy and reliability of the system across dynamic scenarios. The per-sub-aperture processing throughput reaches 420,737 Hz on a standard CPU, demonstrating high-speed real-time computation without specialized hardware acceleration. Together, these results establish a unified neuromorphic SHWFS framework for high-fidelity one-shot static wavefront reconstruction and real-time high-bandwidth dynamic wavefront sensing.
Comments12 pages, 5 figures. Under review at Laser & Photonics Reviews
