AI 中文总结
研究土耳其城际电动汽车充电准备情况，利用有向无环图调度框架优化充电站点，经多场景分析和经济评估发现，因电价优势电动汽车有运营成本和TCO优势，全系统基础设施节省依赖站点规模，车辆放电率是主要经济杠杆，为政策制定者提供见解。
AI 中文摘要
本文评估了土耳其电动汽车充电基础设施，以支持与内燃机车辆相比具有成本竞争力的城际出行。利用基于有向无环图的调度框架，对全国公路网络上超过200万次合成城际电动汽车出行的充电站点进行优化，评估9641个许可充电站。通过八场景案例研究，考察了充电器功率（5 - 350千瓦）与站点容量（5个和50个插头）之间的相互作用，并对电动汽车续航里程、放电率、充电器功率和充电状态（SoC）运行范围进行了200次参数敏感性分析。进行了三层经济分析，分离出运营成本、总拥有成本（TCO）和基础设施投资。经济上，由于土耳其有利的燃油与电价比率，电动汽车显示出23 - 26%的运营成本优势，尽管购买价格较高，但仍保持10 - 12%的TCO优势。然而，全系统基础设施节省严重依赖于站点规模，每站5个插头时有正回报，50个插头时则为负回报。最终，车辆放电率成为主要经济杠杆。本研究首次对新兴市场进行了全国范围、车辆层面的城际电动汽车充电准备情况评估，为政策制定者提供了关于基础设施差距、站点规模权衡和采用激励措施的可操作见解。
英文摘要
This paper assesses the readiness of Türkiye's electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure to support cost-competitive intercity travel compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Utilizing a directed acyclic graph-based scheduling framework, charging stops are optimized for over 2 million synthetic intercity EV trips across the national highway network, evaluating 9,641 licensed charging stations. An eight-scenario case study examines the interplay between charger power (5--350 kW) and station capacity (5 and 50 plugs), supplemented by a 200-run parametric sensitivity analysis on EV range, discharge rate, charger power, and state-of-charge (SoC) operating bounds. A three-tier economic analysis isolates operational costs, total cost of ownership (TCO), and infrastructure investments. Economically, EVs demonstrate a 23--26% operational cost advantage driven by Türkiye's favorable fuel-to-electricity price ratio, maintaining a 10--12% TCO advantage despite higher purchase prices. However, full-system infrastructure savings heavily depend on station sizing, yielding positive returns at 5 plugs per station but negative returns at 50. Ultimately, vehicle discharge rate emerges as the dominant economic lever. This study provides the first countrywide, vehicle-level assessment of intercity EV charging readiness for an emerging market, offering actionable insights for policymakers on infrastructure gaps, station sizing tradeoffs, and adoption incentives.
