AI 中文总结
研究针对肌肉电刺激需在用户身上附电极的局限，提出将电极等嵌入交互物体的ObjectEMS方法，开发相关交互式物体，经用户研究验证其优势，为驱动式有形接口研究等提供新途径及示例应用。
AI 中文摘要
交互式肌肉电刺激（EMS）作为一种用于力反馈的便携式接口已展现出潜力。然而，尽管人们对EMS的优势着墨颇多，但很少有人研究其核心局限之一：需要在用户身上附着电极。这极大地限制了EMS的应用。为探索替代方案，我们提出将电极（和刺激器）嵌入用户与之交互的物体中。通过识别多种能从手掌引发四种不同手指运动的新型电极放置方式得以实现。我们开发了一套自包含的交互式物体，利用电容感应判断用户手部姿势是否利于刺激，并从手与被抓物体的接触点驱动手指。用户研究发现，与传统EMS相比，参与者校准ObjectEMS的时间更短，且使用这种新方法与EMS应用交互时束缚感更小。我们的方法使用户无需佩戴电极和EMS刺激器，为研究、实现或部署驱动式有形接口提供了新途径，并通过示例应用展示了其潜力。
英文摘要
Interactive electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has revealed its promise as a portable interface for force-feedback. However, while much ink has been spilled about the advantages of EMS, few have investigated one of its central limitations: the need to attach electrodes to users. This has dramatically limited the application of EMS, especially in brief interactions or physical assistance with tools. To explore an alternative, we propose embedding electrodes (and stimulator) inside objects that the user interacts with. This is made possible because we identified multiple novel electrode placements that can elicit four distinct finger movements from the palm (no forearm stimulation). To illustrate this new way of implementing electrical muscle stimulation, we developed a set of self-contained interactive objects that use capacitive sensing to determine if a user's hand is in poses conducive to stimulation and then actuate the fingers from contact points between the hand and the grasped object. In our user study, we found that participants spent less time calibrating ObjectEMS than traditional EMS, and they felt less tethered while engaging with an EMS application via this novel approach. Our approach frees up the user's body from wearing electrodes and EMS stimulators, providing a new pathway for researching, implementing, or deploying actuated tangible interfaces. We demonstrate its potential via exemplary applications, such as a game controller with finger-level force feedback, a door handle with force feedback to prevent push-pull confusion, and more.
