发表机构
University of Washington（华盛顿大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究高能核碰撞中少胶子相互作用和多极辐射，通过分析喷注产生、方位四极矩数据等，揭示碰撞新现象，不依赖致密介质等理论，统一描述大小碰撞系统中两种QCD现象。
AI 中文摘要
多年来，基于夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）形成预期的某些现象，人们广泛宣称在高能重离子碰撞中实现了QGP形成。最近，类似现象出现在较小的碰撞系统中，相关叙述随之改变，甚至在质子-质子碰撞中出现了“QGP液滴”等新概念。替代研究揭示了质子-质子和质子-铅碰撞的新方面，如核子-核子相互作用的排他性和相互作用部分子的时间膨胀后果。A-B碰撞的几何结构也从传统的格劳伯蒙特卡罗模拟（强烈偏差）转向系综平均横向动量数据的反演。本研究表明，在可获取数据的整个横向动量范围内，喷注产生主导了横向动量谱结构和最小偏差角关联的所有方面。最近，对方位四极矩（v2）数据的解释取得进展，以总关联对数重新表达，推断出四极横向质量谱和所有A-B碰撞系统中四极振幅变化，显示出排他性效应的强烈迹象。应用于喷注角关联的相同方法显示出类似趋势。出现了对所有碰撞系统中这两种QCD现象的全面定量描述。其基本过程是少胶子相互作用产生对应于色偶极（双胶子、双喷注）和色四极（三胶子）辐射的特征关联结构。该描述不依赖于致密介质、多次散射、QGP液滴或流体动力学理论，统一适用于小碰撞系统和大碰撞系统。
英文摘要
Broad claims have been made over years about achievement of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation in high-energy heavy-ion collisions based on certain phenomena anticipated for QGP formation. More recently, similar phenomena have appeared in smaller collision systems. In response, the original narrative associated with QGP formation has been altered, with introduction of novel concepts such as ``QGP droplets'' appearing even in p-p collisions. In contrast, alternative research has revealed novel aspects of p-p and p-Pb collisions such as exclusivity for N-N interactions and consequences of time dilation for interacting partons. Collision geometry for A-B collisions has also been shifted from conventional Glauber Monte Carlo simulations (strongly biased) to inversion of ensemble-mean $\bar p_t$ data. The present study demonstrates that jet production dominates all aspects of $p_t$ spectrum structure and minimum-bias angular correlations over the full $p_t$ range of accessible data. Recently, progress has been made on interpretation of azimuth quadrupole ($v_2$) data, reexpressed in terms of total correlated-pair number as an extensive measure, leading to inference of quadrupole $m_t$ spectra and quadrupole amplitude variation across all A-B collision systems that show strong indication of the effects of exclusivity. The same approach applied to jet angular correlations shows similar trends. A comprehensive quantitative description of the two QCD phenomena across all collision systems has emerged. The underlying processes are few-gluon interactions producing characteristic correlation structures corresponding to color-dipole (two-gluon, dijet) and color-quadrupole (three-gluon) radiation. That description does not rely on any role for a dense medium, multiple scattering, QGP droplets or hydro theory. It applies the same rules uniformly to small and large collision systems.
Comments22 pages, 18 figures, v2 minor updates to text and figures
