AI 中文总结
为探索高能中微子天文学，开发RET-CR评估雷达探测冰中粒子级联技术可行性。本文展示首个联合模拟软件包及研究，表征RET-CR冰中接收器处联合无线电和雷达信号，描述模拟框架并讨论信号特征。
AI 中文摘要
为了探索高能（>10 PeV）中微子天文学，开发了用于宇宙射线的雷达回波望远镜（RET-CR），以评估一种用于探测冰中粒子级联的雷达技术的可行性，作为中微子雷达回波望远镜（RET-N）的前身。RET-CR的主要概念是，当高能宇宙射线空气簇射核心传播到高海拔冰盖中时，会产生密集的次级粒子级联，这与冰中高能中微子诱发的级联非常相似。在RET-CR中，预期信号由三个不同的成分组成：空气中粒子簇射的无线电发射、冰中次级级联的阿斯卡良无线电发射，以及由冰中次级级联的电离轨迹反射发射的无线电信号产生的雷达信号本身。在这项工作中，我们展示了第一个基于联合模拟的软件包和研究，旨在表征RET-CR中冰中接收器处的联合无线电和雷达信号。我们描述了模拟框架，并对无线电和雷达信号的显著特征进行了详细讨论，包括它们的空间足迹和时间特性，这些是针对浅冰中探测器预测的。
英文摘要
To explore neutrino astronomy at high energies (> 10 PeV), the Radar Echo Telescope for Cosmic Rays (RET-CR) was developed to assess the feasibility of a radar technique for detecting particle cascades in ice, serving as a precursor to the Radar Echo Telescope for Neutrinos (RET-N). The main concept of RET-CR is that, as a high-energy cosmic-ray air-shower core propagates into the high-altitude ice sheet, a dense secondary-particle cascade is created, which is very similar to that of an in-ice high-energy neutrino-induced cascade. At RET-CR, the expected signal consists of three distinct components: radio emission from the in-air particle shower, Askaryan radio emission from the secondary in-ice cascade, and the radar signal itself arising from the reflection of the transmitted radio signal from the ionisation trail of the in-ice secondary cascade. In this work, we present the first combined simulation-based package and study aimed at characterising the combined radio and radar signals at the in-ice receivers at RET-CR. We describe the simulation framework and provide a detailed discussion of the salient features of the radio and radar signals, including their spatial footprints and temporal characteristics, as predicted for the shallow in-ice detectors.
