AI 中文总结
研究利用精确量子计算解析预热弗洛凯动力学中的结构，通过在IBM超导量子处理器上用QESEM软件，以百分比精度测量磁化动力学，解析多达74个量子比特系统的长寿命次谐波预热振荡，扩展有限尺寸标度，确证振荡响应，将量子处理器用作定量科学仪器。
AI 中文摘要
周期性驱动的相互作用量子多体系统可展现长寿命预热动力学，在此过程中，即便纠缠和算符复杂度增加，局部可观测量仍保持相干结构。在所需的系统规模和时间下获取该状态以确定预热态的物理性质仍是一大挑战：经典方法不可靠，量子硬件噪声会降低可观测量的期望值。本文克服了在重六边形晶格上实现的弗洛凯伊辛磁体的这些限制。使用IBM Heron r3超导量子处理器上的先进误差缓解软件QESEM，我们以百分比精度测量磁化动力学，并解析了多达74个量子比特系统中的长寿命次谐波预热振荡。这些实验达到了领先的张量网络模拟无法收敛的区域，而稀疏泡利路径模拟尽管在先进GPU和富岳超级计算机上进行了大量计算，但仍强烈依赖截断。利用这个量子可及区域，我们将有限尺寸标度扩展到更大的系统，并发现振荡幅度随系统尺寸的减小出乎意料地缓慢，这有力地证明了这种振荡响应在重六边形梯子的热力学极限中持续存在。包括无偏误差缓解、独立缓解估计器之间的一致性、超导硬件上的噪声模型验证以及在Quantinuum系统模型H2和Quantinuum Helios俘获离子硬件上选定弗洛凯循环的跨平台确证在内的一系列缓解和验证测试，支持了这些发现的可靠性。我们的工作将误差缓解量子处理器确立为发现非平衡量子物质新物理的定量科学仪器。
英文摘要
Periodically driven interacting quantum many-body systems can exhibit long-lived prethermal dynamics, where local observables retain coherent structure even as entanglement and operator complexity grow. Accessing this regime at the system sizes and times needed to determine physical properties of the prethermal state remains a central challenge: state-of-the-art classical methods become unreliable, while noise in quantum hardware degrades observable expectation values. Here we overcome these limitations for a Floquet Ising magnet realized on a heavy-hex lattice. Using the advanced error mitigation software QESEM on an IBM Heron r3 superconducting quantum processor, we measure magnetization dynamics with percent-level precision and resolve long-lived subharmonic prethermal oscillations in systems of up to 74 qubits. These experiments reach regimes for which leading tensor-network simulations fail to converge, while sparse Pauli-path simulations remain strongly truncation dependent despite extensive computations on advanced GPUs and the Fugaku supercomputer. Leveraging this quantum-accessible regime, we extend finite-size scaling to larger systems and find an unexpectedly slow decrease of the oscillation amplitude with system size, providing strong evidence that this oscillatory response persists in the thermodynamic limit of heavy-hex ladders. A hierarchy of mitigation and validation tests, including unbiased error mitigation, agreement between independent mitigation estimators, noise-model validation on the superconducting hardware, and cross-platform corroboration at selected Floquet cycles on Quantinuum System Model H2 and Quantinuum Helios trapped-ion hardware, supports the reliability of these findings. Our work establishes error-mitigated quantum processors as quantitative scientific instruments for discovering new physics in non-equilibrium quantum matter.
Comments50 pages, 38 figures, 5 tables, includes appendices
