感知 aware 反向散射通信：关于包络稳定性、波形设计和选择分集的综述
Sensing-Aware Backscatter Communications: A Survey on Envelope Stability, Waveform Design, and Selection Diversity
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文综述感知 aware 反向散射通信，聚焦包络稳定性、空间分集和时间信道鲁棒性。引入“照明器困境”，统一处理多目标波形设计策略等，给出以标签为中心指标并比较多种技术方案，为相关领域人员提供参考。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
无处不在的无电池连接愿景使反向散射通信成为下一代物联网（IoT）和工业传感应用的基础技术。然而，随着反向散射系统从简单识别标签向高保真集成传感与通信（ISAC）设备发展，在波形设计、硬件非线性和信道动态方面出现了基本挑战。本文对感知 aware 反向散射通信进行了全面综述，重点关注三个紧密相关的维度：包络稳定性、空间分集和时间信道鲁棒性。我们引入了“照明器困境”的概念来描述为主动通信优化的高峰均功率比（PAPR）多载波波形与无源标签严格的动态范围要求之间的内在冲突。该综述提供了多目标波形设计策略的统一处理、近远缓解技术的综合分类以及对反向散射网络中信道状态信息（CSI）老化的深入分析。关键贡献包括以标签为中心的指标，如反向散射波峰因子（BCF）、包络稳定性因子（ESF）和传感保真度指数（SFI），以及对 PAPR 降低技术、空间分集方法和非相干检测方案的比较评估。本综述面向从事无线通信、物联网、射频传感和集成传感与通信的研究人员、工程师和研究生。
英文摘要
The vision of ubiquitous battery-free connectivity has positioned backscatter communication as a foundational technology for next-generation Internet of Things (IoT) and industrial sensing applications. However, as backscatter systems evolve from simple identification tags toward high-fidelity integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) devices, fundamental challenges emerge at the intersection of waveform design, hardware nonlinearity, and channel dynamics. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of sensing-aware backscatter communications, with a focus on three tightly coupled dimensions: envelope stability, spatial diversity, and temporal channel robustness. We introduce the concept of the ``Illuminator's Dilemma'' to describe the inherent conflict between high-peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) multicarrier waveforms optimized for active communication and the stringent dynamic range requirements of passive tags. The survey provides a unified treatment of multi-objective waveform design strategies, a comprehensive taxonomy of near-far mitigation techniques, and an in-depth analysis of channel state information (CSI) aging in backscatter networks. Key contributions include tag-centric metrics such as the Backscatter Crest Factor (BCF), Envelope Stability Factor (ESF), and Sensing Fidelity Index (SFI), along with a comparative evaluation of PAPR reduction techniques, spatial diversity methods, and non-coherent detection schemes. This survey is intended for researchers, engineers, and graduate students working in wireless communications, IoT, RF sensing, and integrated sensing and communications.
