AI 中文总结
该研究基于GEANT4模拟，探讨宇宙α粒子对月壤中反照率中子和γ射线产生的贡献，参考PAMELA光谱仪确定入射α粒子能量范围，展示了相关产生情况及分布，为月球探测任务的辐射环境评估等提供计算框架。
AI 中文摘要
由于月球缺乏大气层和磁场，其表面持续直接暴露于银河宇宙射线（GCRs）。高能α粒子随后通过散裂反应或低能(α,n)过程与宇宙质子一起促成次级中子的产生。本研究利用基于GEANT4工具包的蒙特卡罗模拟，研究了α粒子对月壤中反照率中子以及反照率γ射线产生的贡献。入射α粒子参考PAMELA光谱仪在0.14至52 GeV之间的区间，并作为基于概率的初级粒子源执行。当前模拟展示了宇宙α粒子辐照月壤过程中反照率中子和γ射线的产生。反照率中子产生主要位于月壤近表面区域，并随深度增加而逐渐减少。次级中子群体主要分布在低能区域，并向高能区域减少。这些结果表明，宇宙α粒子与宇宙质子一起在月球表面次级辐射产生中也有可量化的贡献，本研究展示了一个用于评估月球反照率、辐射传输、表面成分和辐射环境的计算框架，以用于进一步的月球探测任务。
英文摘要
The lunar surface is constantly and directly exposed to Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) due to the lack of the atmosphere and the magnetic field around it. The high-energetic alpha particles subsequently contribute to the generation of the secondary neutrons through either the spallation reaction or the low-energetic $(α, n)$ process along with the cosmic protons. In this study, the contribution of the alpha particles to the production of the albedo neutrons as well as the albedo gamma rays in the lunar regolith is studied by using the Monte Carlo simulations based on the GEANT4 toolkit. The incident alpha particles are referenced from the PAMELA spectrometer over the interval between 0.14 and 52 GeV and executed as a probability-based primary particle source. The present simulations demonstrate the production of the albedo neutrons and gamma rays upon the process of cosmic alpha irradiation in the lunar regolith. The albedo neutron production is predominantly situated within the near-surface region of the lunar regolith and progressively diminishes with the increasing depth. The population of the secondary neutrons is primarily distributed over the low-energy region and reduces towards the high energies. These results imply that the cosmic alpha particles have also quantifiable contribution in the generation of the secondary radiation at the lunar surface together with the cosmic protons, and this study demonstrates a computational framework in the evaluation of the lunar albedo, the radiation transport, the surface composition, and the radiation environment for the further lunar exploration missions.
Comments9 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
