通过物理层边信道分析实现量子网络中的实验协议指纹识别
Experimental Protocol Fingerprinting in Quantum Networks via Physical Layer Side Channel Analysis
浏览论文内容
中文总结 AI 辅助
研究通过物理层边信道分析实现量子网络中实验协议指纹识别，考虑特定威胁模型，实验检验四个量子通信协议，收集物理层特征构建指纹并开发识别框架，结果显示能准确推断协议身份，揭示边信道分析对量子网络安全的新影响。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
量子通信是下一代网络的关键推动因素，利用量子纠缠实现新型信息交换。此前工作多聚焦于通信协议的理论分析，其在物理层边信道分析方面很大程度上未被探索。本文研究不同量子通信协议是否展现可通过被动边信道观测推断的可区分特征。考虑观察者仅访问部分光信号而不直接测量编码量子态的威胁模型，在偏振纠缠光子链路实验检验四个代表性协议，收集可观测物理层特征构建协议指纹，开发数据驱动框架。结果表明在30:70采样配置/光窃听下协议识别准确率达96%，10:90时也有70 - 89%准确率，贝尔不等式测量证实观测过程保持纠缠，揭示边信道分析可暴露协议级信息且不破坏量子相关性，引入新安全考量。
英文摘要
Quantum communication is a key enabler of next-generation networks, leveraging quantum entanglement to enable a new class of information exchange. While prior work has focused on the theoretical analysis of communication protocols, their exposure to physical layer side channel analysis remains largely unexplored. In classical systems, side channel analysis has been shown to reveal sensitive information without accessing the underlying data, raising the question of whether similar risks exist in quantum networks. In this work, we investigate whether different quantum communication protocols exhibit distinguishable signatures that can be inferred through passive side channel observations. We consider a threat model in which an observer accesses only a fraction of the optical signal without directly measuring the encoded quantum states. Under this setting, we experimentally examine four representative protocols, namely entanglement distribution, quantum gate sequences, heralded quantum key distribution, and quantum identity authentication, realized on a polarization entangled photon link. Observable physical layer features, including single photon detection statistics and optical power measurements, are collected and used to construct protocol fingerprints. We develop a data-driven framework for protocol identification based on these observations. Our results show that protocol identity can be inferred with accuracy reaching up to 96% under 30:70 sampling configuration/optical tapping, while remaining distinguishable at 10:90 with accuracy ranging from 70-89%. Bell inequality measurements confirm that the sampling/tapping process preserves entanglement, validating the non-destructive nature of the observation model. These findings demonstrate that side channel analysis can expose protocol-level information without disrupting quantum correlations, introducing new security considerations.
