二极管中一个未解决问题的解决方案：小发射面积和低发射能量下的极限电流
Solution to an unsolved problem in diodes: Limiting current for small emission area and low emission energy
- University of Michigan（密歇根大学）
- Leidos, Inc.（莱多斯公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
中文总结 AI 辅助
研究二极管小发射面积和低发射能量下的极限电流这一未解决问题，通过包含小发射面积和小电子发射速度的模型，采用微分方程、积分方程和粒子模拟三种方法得出结果并比较，给出新标度律，还与相关实验印证。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
从二极管中可提取的最大电流是电子设备中的核心问题，尤其在从微波到X射线的辐射产生方面。当电子发射局限于小面积时，经典一维Child-Langmuir定律不再适用，预测面临重大挑战。本文使用一个同时包含小发射面积和小电子发射速度的模型来解决这一未解决问题，给出了新的标度律。通过微分方程、积分方程和粒子模拟三种方法得到结果，并在大范围参数下比较三种方法预测的最大电流，特别关注阴极表面附近势阱的分辨率。还指出了标度律与热电子阴极和光注入器实验的印证。该模型由平面二极管中有限宽度的电子片周期性阵列组成，电子从阴极以相同能量发射，运动限于垂直阴极方向。
英文摘要
The maximum current that can be extracted from a diode is a central question in electronic devices, especially for the generation of radiation from microwaves to x-rays. The challenge in its prediction increases significantly when the electron emission is restricted to a small area for which the classical one-dimensional Child-Langmuir law is no longer applicable. We address this unsolved problem using a model that simultaneously includes a small emission area and a small electron emission velocity. New scaling laws are presented for this difficult regime. These results are obtained from three vastly different approaches: a differential equation formulation which provides extremely high resolution, an integral equation formulation which leads to the scaling laws, and a particle-in-cell simulation which shows the temporal-spatial evolution. Comparisons of the predicted maximum current among these three approaches are performed over a large range of parameters, paying special attention to the resolution of the potential minimum in the immediate vicinity of the cathode surface. Corroborations of the scaling laws with experiments on thermionic cathodes and on photoinjectors are indicated. The model consists of a periodic array of electron sheets of finite width in a planar diode, all emitted from a cathode with the same energy. Electron motion is restricted to the direction normal to the cathode. This problem is of interest to the electron device, accelerator, pulsed power, aerospace, and applied mathematics communities.
