AI 中文总结
研究光学编码悬浮微阵列，评估微珠制造方法及编码材料优缺点，提出未来进展需提高编码重现性等多方面，有望推动其成为适用于下一代临床诊断的标准化微珠实验室平台。
AI 中文摘要
基于光学编码微珠的悬浮微阵列已成为多重生物分析中用途最广泛的平台之一，它结合了溶液相反应动力学、灵活的分析设计和高通量检测。然而，尽管经过二十多年的深入研究，关于粒子编码、表面功能化和信号解码的最佳策略仍未达成共识。本文批判性地评估了光学编码微珠制造的主要方法，包括合成后（溶胀和逐层组装）和原位编码策略，并对原位粒子形成方法进行了机理分类。还评估了不同编码材料的优缺点，指出未来进展取决于提高编码重现性等多方面，有望将悬浮微阵列转变为适用于下一代临床诊断的标准化微珠实验室平台。
英文摘要
Suspension microarrays based on optically encoded microbeads have become one of the most versatile platforms for multiplexed bioanalysis because they combine solution-phase reaction kinetics, flexible assay design, and high-throughput detection. However, despite more than two decades of intense research, no consensus has emerged regarding the optimal strategies for particle encoding, surface functionalization, and signal decoding. Progress has mainly been driven by incremental improvements in individual materials rather than by systematic comparison of competing technological concepts. This review critically evaluates the main approaches to the fabrication of optically encoded microbeads, including post-synthetic (swelling and layer-by-layer assembly) and in situ encoding strategies, and proposes a mechanistic classification of in situ methods of particle formation into polymerization-driven and confinement-controlled ones. Instead of comparing the fabrication methods solely in terms of encoding capacity, we assess their relative merits in terms of structural control, code stability, scalability, compatibility with biofunctionalization, and suitability for clinical implementation. We further examine the strengths and limitations of organic fluorophores, aggregation-induced emission luminogens, semiconductor quantum dots, and upconversion nanoparticles and show that no encoding material is universally optimal and that performance is determined by trade-offs between optical properties, manufacturing complexity, and stability in biological media. We argue that future progress will depend not as much on increasing the theoretical number of optical codes as on improving the code reproducibility, minimizing spectral crosstalk and nonspecific interactions, and employing microfluidic fabrication, antifouling surface chemistry, automated spectral decoding, and artificial intelligence-assisted data analysis. These developments are expected to transform suspension microarrays from multiplexed analytical tools into standardized lab-on-a-microbead platforms suitable for next-generation clinical diagnostics.
