AI 中文总结
研究模拟月球背面射频干扰环境，利用计划任务目录和发射模型估计特定频率范围的RFI，发现有意发射集中于通信频段，无意发射污染广域，明确了所需屏蔽强度，预测随着卫星增多干扰加重，为任务设计和政策制定提供依据。
AI 中文摘要
在射电天文学领域，技术进步是把双刃剑：天线、接收器和数字后端的改进提高了灵敏度，但地面和轨道通信的快速发展导致射频干扰（RFI）急剧增加。现代数据集越来越受难以去除的RFI污染，这会模仿或掩盖天体物理信号，给寻找快速射电暴、脉冲星等天体带来困难。月球背面被提议作为射电安静观测地点，然而计划中的月球任务可能会在这个受保护环境中引入有意和无意的无线电发射。我们使用类似LFT3的仪器来模拟未来几年月球背面RFI环境的演变。利用计划中的月球任务目录以及有意和无意发射的模型，我们估计了0.1 - 2700 MHz频率范围内接收到的RFI。我们发现有意发射集中在通信频段附近，特别是2.4 - 2.6 GHz，而无意发射污染了LFT3频段的广泛区域。我们还发现，在我们模型的假设下，需要至少30 dB的均匀UEMR屏蔽才能将最大干扰降低到类似LFT3仪器的灵敏度以下；更灵敏的望远镜需要更高的UEMR屏蔽。我们预测月球背面仍可用于类似LFT3的观测，但随着月球卫星数量的增加，污染会日益严重。这凸显了测量月球背面射电安静环境的机会窗口在减小，应为此后的任务设计和保护月球射电科学的政策选择提供参考。
英文摘要
Technological progress is a double-edged sword in the world of radio astronomy: improvements in antennas, receivers, and digital backends increase sensitivity, but rapid growth in terrestrial and orbital communications has caused a steep rise in radio-frequency interference (RFI). Modern datasets have become increasingly contaminated by RFI that is difficult to remove and can mimic or obscure astrophysical signals, complicating the search for objects such fast radio bursts (FRBs), pulsars, and technosignatures. The lunar farside has such been proposed as a site for radio-quiet observations, motivating missions such as the Lunar Farside Transients and Technology Telescope (LFT3) and others. However, planned lunar missions may introduce intended and unintended radio emissions into this protected environment. We use a LFT3-like instrument to model the evolution of the apparent lunar farside RFI environment over the coming years. Using a planned lunar mission catalogue and models for intended and unintended emissions, we estimate the received RFI over the 0.1-2700 MHz frequency range. We find that while intended emissions are concentrated near communications bands, particularly 2.4-2.6 GHz, unintended emissions contaminate broad regions of the LFT3 band. We further find that, under the assumptions of our model, uniform UEMR shielding of at least 30 dB is required to place the maximum interference below the sensitivity of a LFT3-like instrument; more sensitive telescopes would require higher UEMR shielding. We predict that the lunar farside will remain usable for LFT3-like observations, but will become increasingly contaminated as the lunar satellite population grows. This highlights the decreasing window of opportunity for measurements of the lunar farside's radio quiet environment and should inform future mission design and policy choices for the protection of Moon-based radio science.
Comments11 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Submitted, comments welcome
