AI 中文总结
研究评估跨电网层级的电动汽车充电灵活性，采用自上而下和自下而上两种方法，前者分解最优充电需求，后者利用电价信号局部优化，结果表明中央优化的充电在配电层面仍有效，能减少电网违规并与驾驶行为兼容。
AI 中文摘要
电动汽车是全球脱碳的关键推动因素，其充电灵活性对于将高比例可再生能源整合到未来电力系统至关重要。以往对未来电力系统中电动汽车充电灵活性的研究主要集中在输电或配电层面，两者整合有限。本研究通过两种不同控制方法评估跨电网层级的电动汽车充电灵活性。一种自上而下的方法将从输电电网集中规划者处获得的最优充电需求分解到配电网，明确考虑电网约束和个体驾驶需求；另一种自下而上的方法利用集中规划模型的电价信号在配电网约束下局部优化电动汽车充电。然后将自上而下和自下而上方法的可控充电与不可控充电进行比较。结果表明，自上而下的方法产生的电动汽车充电计划与个体驾驶行为兼容，且减少了电网违规；自下而上的方法识别出与集中优化配置文件相似的最优配置文件，表明电价信号是一种合适的协调机制。这些发现表明，在高分布式能源资源渗透率的系统中，中央优化的电动汽车充电在配电层面实施时仍然有效。
英文摘要
Electric vehicles (EVs) are a key enabler of global decarbonization, and their charging flexibility is crucial for integrating high shares of renewable energy into future power systems. Research on EV charging flexibility in future power systems has largely focused on either the transmission or the distribution level, with limited integration between the two. However, these two scales cannot be separated: EV charging optimized at the national transmission level for system-wide planning is ultimately activated in local distribution grids, where it may cause voltage and loading issues. This study bridges that gap by evaluating EV charging flexibility across both grid levels, using two different control approaches. First, a top-down approach disaggregates the optimal charging demand obtained from a centralized planner at the transmission grid down to the distribution grid, explicitly accounting for grid constraints and individual driving requirements. Second, a bottom-up approach optimizes EV charging locally under distribution-grid constraints using electricity price signals from the centralized planning model. Controlled charging from the top-down and bottom-up approaches is then compared with uncontrolled charging. Results show that the top-down approach produces EV charging schedules that are compatible with individual driving behavior and reduce grid violations compared to uncontrolled charging. The bottom-up approach identifies an optimal profile similar to the centrally optimized profile, showing that electricity price signals are a suitable coordination mechanism. These findings suggest that centrally optimized EV charging remains effective when implemented at the distribution level, in systems with high DER penetration.
Comments16 pages, 8 figures
