AI 中文总结
研究水电解中电极上气泡生长问题，通过解析主电场的方法，利用三维VOF模拟，研究不同电极上气泡生长，发现非均匀电流密度等影响生长动力学，电极岛气泡会漂移，可借此调整电场分布减少电阻损耗。
AI 中文摘要
在水电解过程中，电极上产生的气泡会阻塞活性反应区域，阻碍传质并增加欧姆电阻。与早期在电极湿润部分规定均匀电流密度的模型不同，本文解析了主电场，使电流密度和界面气体产生能响应电极几何形状和气泡的时间演变。利用三维几何流体体积（VOF）模拟并结合Basilisk中的相变，研究了不同尺寸电极上单个气泡以及催化电极岛阵列上多个气泡的生长情况。结果表明，非均匀电流密度和相关欧姆电阻显著影响生长动力学。对于电极岛情况，外部气泡在生长过程中往往向外漂移，延迟电极完全覆盖并维持电流。足迹跟踪和理论分析表明，这种漂移受相邻气泡生长驱动的液体平流控制，与它们的间距1/d2成比例，并受电流密度不对称性调制。这些结果展示了如何利用电极图案化和气泡间距来调整电场分布，减少水电解过程中气泡引起的电阻损耗。
英文摘要
Gas bubbles evolving on electrodes during water-electrolysis are blocking active reaction area, thus hindering mass transfer and raising Ohmic resistance. Unlike earlier models that prescribe a uniform current density on the wetted part of the electrode, we resolve the primary electric field, which allows the current density and the interfacial gas production to respond to the geometry of the electrode and the temporal evolution of the bubbles. Using three-dimensional geometrical volume-of-fluid (VOF) simulations with phase change in Basilisk, we examine the growth of single-bubbles on electrodes of different size and of multiple bubbles growing on arrays of catalytic electrode islands. The non-uniform current density and the associated Ohmic resistance significantly affect the growth dynamics. Unlike the case of a single bubble, the outer bubbles in case of electrode islands tend to drift outward during growth, thus delaying full electrode coverage and sustaining current. Footprint tracking and a theoretical analysis show that this drift is governed by the liquid advection driven by the growth of neighboring bubbles, scaling with their separation 1/d2, and modulated by the current-density asymmetry. These results show how electrode patterning and bubble spacing can be exploited to tailor the electric field distribution and reduce bubble-induced resistive losses during water electrolysis.
