AI 中文总结
研究非互易性对热流及制冷等热力学过程的影响，通过光诱导合成磁通量控制纳米机械谐振器网络的非互易性，利用时间调制光机械相互作用实现相关过程，实验证明非互易性对热力机器的影响并提供微观表征新方法。
AI 中文摘要
理解互易性的破坏如何影响热流以及诸如制冷和能量转换等微观热力学过程是当前广泛关注的问题。我们报告了纳米机械谐振器网络中热流和制冷的实验测量，其中通过光诱导合成磁通量控制非互易性。时间调制光机械相互作用通过纳米机械频率转换实现可控耦合、规范场和制冷过程。我们通过测量涨落的相关性来量化与不同占据的耗散浴耦合的谐振器之间的非平衡热流，并描绘网络中的热和有效温度。合成磁性在谐振器回路中的热涨落上印下手性，导致在不同频带中具有不同手性的明显手性流。我们发现非平衡系统中的热流由合成磁通量调节，其在热稳态下重新分配能量。具体而言，我们说明了非互易性如何在强耦合 regime 中增强谐振器的制冷，将其温度降低到适用于时间反演对称网络的界限以下。这些结果通过实验证明了非互易性对热力机器的影响，并提供了在微观层面表征它们的新方法。
英文摘要
Understanding how the breaking of reciprocity influences thermal flows and microscopic thermodynamic processes such as refrigeration and energy conversion is of broad current interest. We report experimental measurements of thermal flows and refrigeration in nanomechanical resonator networks in which nonreciprocity is controlled through an optically-induced synthetic magnetic flux. Time-modulated optomechanical interactions allow controlled coupling, gauge fields, and refrigeration processes through nanomechanical frequency conversion. We quantify nonequilibrium heat flows between resonators coupled to dissipative baths of different occupation and image heat and effective temperature in networks through measuring correlations of fluctuations. Synthetic magnetism is shown to imprint chirality on thermal fluctuations in a loop of resonators, leading to pronounced chiral flows with different handedness in distinct frequency bands. We find that the heat flows in a non-equilibrium system are tuned by the synthetic magnetic flux, which redistributes energy in the thermal steady-state. Specifically, we illustrate how nonreciprocity enhances the refrigeration of a resonator in the strong coupling regime, reducing its temperature below the bound that applies to time-reversal symmetric networks. These results experimentally demonstrate the impact of nonreciprocity on thermodynamic machines, and provide new methods to characterize them at the microscopic level.
Comments26 pages, 8 figures; includes Methods and Supplementary Information
