AI 中文总结
针对量子纠错开销阻碍大规模容错量子计算实现的问题，提出可恢复量子计算范式，关注计算信息提取，引入可恢复性原则及度量，通过实例说明其可行性，还对量子应用分类并给出研究路线图，作为现有计算的补充范式。
AI 中文摘要
量子计算有望在计算、通信、传感和机器学习方面带来变革性进展。然而，大规模容错量子计算机的实现仍受量子纠错所需巨大开销的阻碍。本文提出可恢复量子计算（RQC），一种针对有噪声量子计算的以信息为中心的范式。它关注保存完成给定任务所需的计算信息，若能从噪声量子输出中提取所需计算信息且开销保持量子优势，则量子计算是可恢复的。引入可恢复性作为评估噪声量子计算的操作原则，并基于恢复开销和恢复效率提出实用度量。通过在IBM量子硬件上进行量子傅里叶变换周期估计及量子机器学习的概念示例说明该框架，表明尽管存在显著物理错误，有用计算信息仍可能可恢复。在此基础上，根据预期可恢复性对量子应用进行初步分类，并概述可恢复性预测理论的研究路线图。RQC并非容错量子计算的替代，而是一种补充范式，用于理解和评估当今有噪声量子处理器与未来容错量子计算机之间广泛中间状态下的有用量子计算。
英文摘要
Quantum computing promises transformative advances in computation, communication, sensing, and machine learning. Yet the realization of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers remains hindered by the enormous overhead required for quantum error correction. This challenge raises a fundamental question: Must useful quantum computing wait until fully fault-tolerant quantum hardware becomes available? In this Perspective, we propose Recoverable Quantum Computation (RQC), an information-centric paradigm for quantum computing with errors. Rather than requiring faithful preservation of the complete quantum state, RQC focuses on preserving the computational information required to accomplish a given task. A quantum computation is considered recoverable if the desired computational information can be extracted from noisy quantum outputs with an overhead that preserves quantum advantage relative to the best known classical method. We introduce recoverability as an operational principle for evaluating noisy quantum computations and propose practical metrics based on recovery overhead and recoverability efficiency. We illustrate the framework using quantum Fourier transform period estimation on IBM quantum hardware and a conceptual example from quantum machine learning, demonstrating that useful computational information may remain recoverable despite significant physical errors. Building on these examples, we propose a preliminary classification of quantum applications according to their expected recoverability and outline a research roadmap toward a predictive theory of recoverability. RQC is intended not as an alternative to fault-tolerant quantum computing, but as a complementary paradigm for understanding and evaluating useful quantum computation in the broad intermediate regime between today's noisy quantum processors and tomorrow's fault-tolerant quantum computers.
Comments17 pages, 3 figures
Journal refAVS Quantum Sci. 8, 040501 (2026)
