AI 中文总结
研究彩色眼底摄影分析中数据、预处理和建模的共同进化，通过数据集进化、预处理范式和建模框架的相互作用进行综合概述，指出未来进展取决于三者协同优化，为临床部署等提供路线图。
AI 中文摘要
彩色眼底摄影（CFP）是用于眼科和全身疾病大规模筛查的主要非侵入性成像方式。现有调查主要独立总结特定任务算法、数据集或预处理技术，缺乏对其与现代人工智能共同进化的统一视角。本综述通过数据集进化、预处理范式和建模框架的相互作用，对CFP人工智能进行了综合概述。我们表明，CFP数据集已从具有特定任务标签的小型单中心集合演变为具有多模态配对和纵向临床记录的大型多中心资源。预处理已从传统图像增强发展到神经数据工程管道、硬件感知令牌优化以及对不完整电子健康记录（EHR）的自监督插补。同时，建模已从卷积神经网络（CNN）发展到视觉基础模型、状态空间模型（SSM）和多模态专家架构。在多模态前沿，CFP越来越多地与EHR和纵向患者信息集成，实现超越孤立图像分析的更全面临床推理。我们得出结论，未来的进展取决于数据集、预处理和多模态建模的协同优化，为强大的临床部署、改进的跨域泛化和资源高效的边缘智能提供路线图。
英文摘要
Color Fundus Photography (CFP) is a primary non-invasive imaging modality for large-scale screening of ophthalmic and systemic diseases. Existing surveys mainly summarize task-specific algorithms, datasets, or preprocessing techniques independently, lacking a unified perspective on their co-evolution with modern artificial intelligence. This review provides an integrated overview of CFP AI through the interplay of dataset evolution, preprocessing paradigms, and modeling frameworks. We show that CFP datasets have evolved from small single-center collections with task-specific labels to large multi-center resources featuring multimodal pairings and longitudinal clinical records. Preprocessing has progressed from conventional image enhancement to neural data-engineering pipelines, hardware-aware token optimization, and self-supervised imputation for incomplete electronic health records (EHRs). Meanwhile, modeling has advanced from convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to vision foundation models, state space models (SSMs), and multimodal expert architectures. At the multimodal frontier, CFP is increasingly integrated with EHRs and longitudinal patient information, enabling more comprehensive clinical reasoning beyond isolated image analysis. We conclude that future progress depends on the collaborative optimization of datasets, preprocessing, and multimodal modeling, providing a roadmap toward robust clinical deployment, improved cross-domain generalization, and resource-efficient edge intelligence.
CommentsSurvey paper, 77 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables
