AI 中文总结
研究不确定性和不同市场范式下电池储能在可再生能源丰富的配电网中的作用与价值。通过扩展LEM框架，在IEEE 123节点馈线用滚动时域交替最优潮流比较三种市场设计，表明LEM成本最低，还研究了储能价值及相关影响因素。
AI 中文摘要
经济范围内的电气化推动负荷急剧增长，可再生能源和电池增加了配电网边缘的压力，常需昂贵升级。本地电力市场（LEM）能比传统设计更有效地协调分布式能源资源（DER）。本文通过将光伏（PV）流入建模为奥恩斯坦 - 乌伦贝克（OU）过程来扩展LEM框架以捕捉不确定性和时间相关性。在IEEE 123节点馈线上使用滚动时域交替最优潮流，比较了三种市场设计（平价电价（FT）、实时定价（RTP）和LEM）下的运营商、客户和系统成本以及储能价值。结果表明，在不确定性下LEM实现了最低的客户和系统成本，而RTP表现最差。在大多数储能和太阳能渗透率水平上，LEM优于其他市场。然而，在极低的PV渗透率下可能会使客户结果变差，这表明LEM的采用应伴随PV扩展并先于储能扩展。研究了两种估计电池储能价值的方法。储能价值取决于储能渗透率、储能与PV渗透率之间的不平衡、位置以及电池是否与可再生能源和/或负荷共址。放置不当的电池会加剧拥堵，而选址良好的电池则使所有者和系统受益。随着PV渗透率上升，新储能的边际价值和现有容量的储能价值都会下降。然而，它们对电池渗透率的反应相反：边际价值因机队增长收益递减而下降，而储能价值因更多电池争夺相同的本地PV发电量而上升。这些指标在LEM下捕捉了储能价值的不同维度：一个衡量机队扩展的好处，另一个衡量已存储能源的稀缺溢价。
英文摘要
Economy-wide electrification is driving steep load growth, while renewables and batteries are increasing pressure at the distribution grid edge often requiring costly upgrades. Local Electricity Markets (LEMs) can coordinate distributed energy resources (DERs) more efficiently than conventional designs. This paper extends the LEM framework by modeling photovoltaic (PV) inflow as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process to capture uncertainty and temporal correlation. Using rolling-horizon alternating optimal power flow on the IEEE 123-node feeder, we compare operator, customer, and system costs plus storage value under three market designs: flat tariff (FT), real-time pricing (RTP), and LEM. Results show that the LEM achieves the lowest customer and system costs, under uncertainty, while RTP performs worst. It outperforms the other markets across most storage and solar penetration levels. However, it may worsen customer outcomes at very low PV penetration, indicating that LEM adoption should accompany PV expansion and precede storage expansion. We examine two approaches to estimating battery storage value. Storage value depends on storage penetration, imbalance between storage and PV penetrations, location, and whether batteries are colocated with renewables and/or load. Poorly placed units can worsen congestion, whereas well-sited units benefit owners and the system. Both the marginal value of new storage and the stored energy value of existing capacity decline as PV penetration rises. However, they respond oppositely to battery penetration: marginal value falls because of diminishing returns as the fleet grows, while stored energy value rises as more batteries compete for the same local PV generation. These metrics capture different dimensions of storage value under a LEM: one measures the benefit of expanding the fleet, while the other measures the scarcity premium on energy already stored.
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