AI 中文总结
研究非线性电动力学中旋转黑洞的光学外观，用天球和薄吸积盘照明模型，反向光线追踪法构建图像，分析电荷Q和NED参数β对其光学特征的影响，结果为高分辨率观测提供见解。
AI 中文摘要
这项工作使用天球和薄吸积盘这两种照明模型研究了非线性电动力学（NED）中旋转黑洞（BH）的光学外观。利用反向光线追踪方法和鱼眼相机模型构建BH图像。研究了电荷Q和NED参数β对正反吸积流的事件视界、阴影、光子环和光学外观的影响。结果表明，β增加导致阴影半径增大且畸变减小，而Q增加会减小阴影尺寸并增强其变形。通过阴影半径和畸变参数对这些特征进行了进一步量化。还分析了薄吸积盘的直接和透镜图像及其相应的红移分布和发射带。发现红移发射在观测图像中占主导，而蓝移区域局限于光子环附近。结果表明Q和β都会在旋转的NED BH的光学外观上留下明显特征，为未来高分辨率观测提供了有用见解。
英文摘要
This work investigates the optical appearance of a rotating black hole (BH) in nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) using two illumination models, namely a celestial sphere and a thin accretion disk. The BH images are constructed using a backward ray-tracing method together with a fisheye camera model. We examine the effects of the electric charge $Q$ and the NED parameter $β$ on the event horizon, shadow, photon ring, and optical appearance for both prograde and retrograde accretion flows. The results indicate that an increase in $β$ leads to a larger shadow radius with reduced distortion, whereas increasing $Q$ decreases the shadow size and enhances its deformation. These features are further quantified through the shadow radius and distortion parameter. We also analyze the direct and lensed images of the thin accretion disk, together with their corresponding redshift distributions and emission bands. The redshifted emission is found to dominate the observed images, while the blueshifted region is confined to the vicinity of the photon ring. Our results demonstrate that both $Q$ and $β$ leave distinct signatures on the optical appearance of rotating NED BHs, providing useful insights for future high-resolution observations.
