发表机构
The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Harvard University（香港中文大学; 哈佛大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究如何用少量泡利测量表征任意林德布拉德动力学。核心方法是仅用乘积泡利态制备、单次正向演化和乘积泡利测量来重建生成器。贡献在于能在给定条件下精确学习系数，运行时间对数化且对相关误差有鲁棒性。
AI 中文摘要
量子设备是开放系统，其动力学将相干演化与耗散交织在一起，基准测试、误差缓解和纠错都依赖于两者的精确模型。现有表征协议要么假设对相互作用和噪声结构有先验知识，要么需要辅助系统、纠缠探针或中途控制，要么只捕获噪声的泡利对角部分。本文提出一种协议，仅使用乘积泡利态制备、单次不间断正向演化和乘积泡利测量，就能重建任意稀疏马尔可夫生成器，包括每个哈密顿量和跳跃算子系数。给定稀疏预算$M_0$和林德布拉德强度界限$\Gamma$，每个系数可从$\widetilde{O}(\Gamma^2M_0^2/\epsilon^4)$次实验和$\widetilde{O}(\Gamma M_0^2/\epsilon^2)$总演化时间中精确到$\epsilon$，且无需局部性假设就能从数据中识别支持。该协议在硬件时钟格上以对数数量的正演化时间运行，对校准态制备和测量误差具有可证明的鲁棒性。
英文摘要
Quantum devices are open systems whose dynamics interleave coherent evolution with dissipation, and benchmarking, error mitigation, and error correction all rest on a faithful model of both. Existing characterization protocols either assume prior knowledge of the interaction and noise structure, or demand ancillas, entangled probes, or mid-circuit control, or capture only the Pauli-diagonal part of the noise. Here, we present a protocol that reconstructs an arbitrary sparse Markovian generator, including every Hamiltonian together with the jump operator coefficients, using only product Pauli state preparation, single uninterrupted forward evolutions, and product Pauli measurements. Given a sparsity budget $M_0$ and a strength bound $Γ$ of the Lindbladian, every coefficient is learned to precision $ε$ from $\widetilde{O}(Γ^2M_0^2/ε^4)$ experiments and $\widetilde{O}(ΓM_0^2/ε^2)$ total evolution time, with both supports identified from data without locality assumptions. The protocol runs at a logarithmic number of positive evolution times on a hardware clock lattice and is provably robust to calibrated state-preparation and measurement errors.
Comments24 pages, 1 figure
