通过生物力学和感知测量验证实时手动轮椅模拟器：与地面推进的比较
Validation of a Real-Time Manual Wheelchair Simulator through Biomechanical and Perceptual Measures: A Comparison with Overground Propulsion
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究通过对比生物力学和感知结果，评估实时手动轮椅模拟器生态效度。13名参与者在地面和模拟器上执行推进任务，收集生物力学数据并评估感知。结果显示模拟器有部分生态效度，能适应轮椅配置，或可作训练辅助工具。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
目的：手动轮椅模拟器可为推进训练、生物反馈和生物力学评估提供安全可控的环境。但需确定其生态效度，以确保基于模拟器的结果能反映地面推进情况。本研究旨在通过比较地面和模拟器任务中生物力学和感知结果，评估实时手动轮椅模拟器的生态效度。材料与方法：13名参与者（10名健全个体，3名经验丰富的手动轮椅使用者）在地面和模拟器上执行推进任务，包括直线推进、加速、转弯、上坡和下坡。使用仪器轮收集生物力学结果，并通过时间、动力学和基于波形的测量在不同环境间进行比较。通过特定任务的真实感评分、测试后问卷和半结构化访谈评估感知真实感和用户体验。结果：时间变量在地面和模拟器推进之间差异较小，而动力学变量差异较大，与之前模拟器比较一致。力、力矩和功率的波形模式在不同环境间显示出高度相似性。参与者普遍对真实感、安全性和满意度给予积极评价，并强调在可控环境中练习轮椅技能的价值。结论：模拟器显示出部分生态效度，特别是对于基于时间和波形的推进结果。其适应用户自身轮椅配置的能力可能有助于保持人体工程学并增强真实感，支持其作为手动轮椅推进训练辅助技术工具的潜在用途。
英文摘要
Purpose: Manual wheelchair simulators can provide a safe and controlled environment for propulsion training, biofeedback, and biomechanical assessment. However, their ecological validity must be established to ensure that simulator-based outcomes reflect overground propulsion. This study aimed to evaluate the ecological validity of a real-time manual wheelchair simulator by comparing biomechanical and perceptual outcomes during matched overground and simulator tasks. Materials and Methods: Thirteen participants (10 able-bodied individuals, 3 experienced manual wheelchair users), performed propulsion tasks overground and on the simulator. Task segments included straight-line propulsion, acceleration, turning, ascending, and descending. Biomechanical outcomes were collected using instrumented wheels and compared between environments using temporal, kinetic, and waveform-based measures. Perceived realism and user experience were assessed using task-specific realism ratings, a post-test questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews. Results: Temporal variables showed relatively small differences between overground and simulator propulsion, whereas kinetic variables showed larger discrepancies, consistent with previous simulator comparisons. Waveform patterns for force, moment, and power demonstrated high similarity between environments. Participants generally reported positive perceptions of realism, safety, and satisfaction, and highlighted the value of practicing wheelchair skills in a controlled environment. Conclusion: The simulator demonstrated partial ecological validity, particularly for temporal and waveform-based propulsion outcomes. Its ability to accommodate the user's own wheelchair configuration may help preserve ergonomics and enhance realism, supporting its potential use as an assistive technology tool for manual wheelchair propulsion training.
