AI 中文总结
研究S301是否为超高速恒星S5-HVS1捕获的伴星，通过建立希尔斯起源正向模型与零假设比较，发现S301轨道与S5-HVS1伴星更紧密对齐，虽为有力候选者，但确定关联还需改进多项测量和校准。
AI 中文摘要
通过希尔斯机制的恒星双星解体产生两种遗迹：一颗超高速恒星（HVS）和一颗与超大质量黑洞紧密束缚的恒星。在已知的银河系HVS中，只有S5-HVS1有明确的银河系中心起源。其测量的质量和速度确定了其捕获伴星的质量和半长轴之间的关系。GRAVITY现已发现S301，其轨道和通过光度测量推断的质量满足该关系，使其成为S5-HVS1捕获伴星的唯一有力候选者。我们建立了希尔斯起源的正向模型并与零假设进行比较。这证实S301的轨道与S5-HVS1伴星的轨道比典型的S星更紧密对齐。然而，目录级贝叶斯因子仍为单位量级且取决于生存和探测概率。因此，S301是一个有力候选者，但要确定其与S5-HVS1的关联需要改进质量测量、化学比较和GRAVITY校准的选择函数。
英文摘要
Stellar binary disruptions through the Hills mechanism produce two fossils: a hypervelocity star (HVS), and a star tightly bound to the supermassive black hole. Among known galactic HVSs, only S5-HVS1 has unambiguous galactic-centre origin. Its measured mass and velocity determine a relation between the mass and semi-major axis of its captured companion. GRAVITY has now discovered S301, whose orbit and photometrically inferred mass satisfy this relation, making it the only compelling candidate for the captured companion of S5-HVS1. We build a forward model for the Hills origin and compare it to the null hypothesis. This confirms that S301's orbit aligns much more closely with that of S5-HVS1's companion than a typical S-star. However, the catalog-level Bayes factor remains of order unity and dependent on the probabilities of survival and detection. S301 is thus a compelling candidate, but establishing its association with S5-HVS1 will require improved mass measurements, chemical comparisons and GRAVITY-calibrated selection functions.
Comments3 pages, Claude's generated reproducibility repo at https://github.com/GimmyTomas/S301_S5-HVS1_Bayes
