AI 中文总结
该研究以标量接触相互作用玻色 - 爱因斯坦凝聚体为参考，通过多种定量诊断方法研究超冷量子气体湍流，区分不同湍流状态，综述相关实验，还将其置于更广阔量子流体领域测试湍流概念普遍性。
AI 中文摘要
我们回顾了超冷量子气体中的湍流，使用标量接触相互作用玻色 - 爱因斯坦凝聚体作为量化环流、可压缩性、涡旋、声和级联的参考系统。我们专注于将氦和经典现象学与微观波函数动力学联系起来的定量诊断方法，包括不可压缩和可压缩动能谱、波占据谱、谱通量、涡旋分辨相关性和速度统计。这些诊断方法区分了平衡涡旋组织、衰减湍流弛豫、强迫级联动力学和弱波湍流，并说明了为何仅靠幂律不足以证明级联的存在。我们综述了二维昂萨格聚类、三维涡旋线湍流、箱阱波级联、工程耗散和湍流状态方程的实验。最后，我们简要地将接触相互作用标量超流体系统置于非局部、多组分、费米子和驱动耗散量子流体的更广阔领域中，在那里可以测试湍流概念的普遍性。
英文摘要
We review turbulence in ultracold quantum gases, using the scalar contact-interaction Bose-Einstein condensate as the reference system for quantized circulation, compressibility, vortices, sound, and cascades. We focus on the quantitative diagnostics that connect helium and classical phenomenology to microscopic wave-function dynamics: incompressible and compressible kinetic-energy spectra, wave-occupation spectra, spectral fluxes, vortex-resolved correlations, and velocity statistics. These diagnostics distinguish equilibrium vortex organization, decaying turbulent relaxation, forced cascade dynamics, and weak-wave turbulence, and show why power laws alone are insufficient evidence for a cascade. We survey experiments on two-dimensional Onsager clustering, three-dimensional vortex-line turbulence, box-trap wave cascades, engineered dissipation, and turbulent equations of state. We close by briefly placing the contact-interaction scalar superfluid system in a broader landscape of nonlocal, multicomponent, fermionic, and driven-dissipative quantum fluids, where turbulence concepts can be tested for universality.
CommentsThis preprint will appear as a chapter in the Springer book entitled Short and Long Range Quantum Atomic Platforms - Theoretical and Experimental Developments (provisional title), edited by P. G. Kevrekidis, C. L. Hung, and S. I. Mistakidis
