AI 中文总结
研究在动态噪声条件下传统过零频率估计器受限的问题，提出重叠采样间隔过零拟合方法（OS-ZFM），通过结构化框架解耦噪声与时间更新率，经数值和实验验证，该方法能降低估计误差，实现准确实时频率和加速度跟踪。
AI 中文摘要
在动态和噪声环境下，噪声平均和时间分辨率之间的权衡从根本上限制了传统的过零频率估计器。本文提出了一种重叠采样间隔过零拟合方法（OS-ZFM），它引入了一个结构化的重叠回归框架，将噪声平均与时间更新率解耦。该方法采用确定性的闭式公式，能够进行统一的偏差-方差分析，以表征估计器的统计行为并阐明结构化数据重用的作用。在10dB信噪比的强度和背景噪声下的数值结果表明，与传统的过零拟合方法相比，OS-ZFM在相同时间分辨率下将中值估计误差降低了60%以上。相对于基本过零检测，它进一步实现了高达90%的降低，并且始终产生比基于希尔伯特变换的估计器更低的估计误差。利用激光多普勒干涉测量的冲击诱导瞬态运动进行的实验验证表明，OS-ZFM重建了具有更高时间保真度的平滑且物理上一致的轨迹。由于其低计算复杂度和确定性公式，该方法能够在资源受限的测量系统中进行准确的实时频率和加速度跟踪。
英文摘要
The trade-off between noise averaging and temporal resolution fundamentally limits conventional zero-crossing frequency estimators under dynamic and noisy conditions. This paper presents an overlapped sampling-intervals zero-crossing fitting method (OS-ZFM), which introduces a structured overlapping regression framework that decouples noise averaging from temporal update rate. The method adopts a deterministic closed-form formulation, enabling a unified bias-variance analysis to characterize the statistical behavior of the estimator and clarify the role of structured data reuse. Numerical results under intensity and background noise at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 dB show that OS-ZFM reduces median estimation error by more than 60\% compared to conventional zero-crossing fitting methods at the same temporal resolution. It further achieves up to 90\% reduction relative to basic zero-crossing detection and consistently yields lower estimation errors than Hilbert-transform-based estimators. Experimental validation utilizing impact-induced transient motion measured by laser Doppler interferometry demonstrates that OS-ZFM reconstructs smooth and physically consistent trajectories with improved temporal fidelity. Owing to its low computational complexity and deterministic formulation, the proposed method enables accurate real-time frequency and acceleration tracking in resource-constrained measurement systems.
Journal refP. Youplao, N. Pornsuwancharoen and Y. Fujii, "Noise-Robust Frequency Estimation via Overlapped Sampling-Intervals Zero-Crossing Fitting," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 75, pp. 6509210-6509210, 2026, Art no. 6509210
