发表机构
School of Science and Engineering (SSE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; Nick Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign（科学与工程学院（SSE），香港中文大学（深圳）; Nick Holonyak微纳技术实验室，伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究1310nm PCSEL设计优化成本高的问题，采用将商业时域有限差分求解器与可靠性感知贝叶斯优化循环相结合的方法，经多次评估运行，产生高Q PCSEL候选方案，提高产量，还确定了相关控制，给出一组优质候选方案。
AI 中文摘要
近1310nm的光子晶体表面发射激光器（PCSEL）是用于光通信和传感的有吸引力的窄光束源，但其最终设计优化成本高昂。小的几何形状变化会同时改变带边共振、腔泄漏、远场发散和高Q衰减拟合的数值稳定性，每次全波试验都需要时域模拟。我们将商业时域有限差分求解器与基于八个局部设计变量的可靠性感知贝叶斯优化（BO）循环相结合。每个完成的模拟都会更新用于选择下一个几何形状的代理模型。候选排序将波长和光束质量要求与从求解器报告的相对拟合误差估计dQ/Q导出的可靠性调整度量Qeff相结合。在来自同一参考模型的三次80次评估运行中，BO每次运行产生5-15个通过联合滤波器的候选方案。从新模型副本重建的设计在1308.23-1310.90nm处保留了Qeff=4.33×10^6-7.76×10^6，比基线度量提高了60-108倍，发散角约为0.84°。在相同预算下，与差分进化（7.0）和拉丁超立方采样（1.5）相比，BO给出了最高的平均严格滤波器产量（9.0个候选方案），尽管对照组偶尔会与峰值Qeff匹配。场图、共振光谱和局部扰动进一步确定了与折射率相关的波长控制和与孔尺寸相关的泄漏控制。由此产生的FDTD预算产生了一组波长兼容、窄光束且可重复的高Q PCSEL候选方案，而无需依赖单个乐观的衰减拟合。
英文摘要
Near 1310 nm photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are attractive narrow-beam sources for optical communication and sensing, but their final design refinement is costly. Small geometry changes simultaneously shift the band-edge resonance, cavity leakage, far-field divergence, and the numerical stability of a high-$Q$ decay fit, while every full-wave trial requires a time-domain simulation. We couple a commercial finite-difference time-domain solver to a reliability-aware Bayesian optimization (BO) loop over eight local design variables. Each completed simulation updates the surrogate used to choose the next geometry. Candidate ranking combines wavelength and beam-quality requirements with a reliability-adjusted metric $Q_{\mathrm{eff}}$ derived from the solver-reported relative fit-error estimate $dQ/Q$. Across three 80-evaluation runs from the same reference model, BO produced 5--15 candidates per run that passed the joint filter. Designs reconstructed from fresh model copies retained $Q_{\mathrm{eff}}=4.33\times10^6$--$7.76\times10^6$, a 60--108-fold increase over the baseline metric, at 1308.23--1310.90~nm with approximately $0.84^{\circ}$ divergence. Under equal budgets, BO gave the highest mean strict-filter yield (9.0 candidates), compared with differential evolution (7.0) and Latin-hypercube sampling (1.5), although the controls occasionally matched the peak $Q_{\mathrm{eff}}$. Field maps, resonance spectra, and local perturbations further identify an index-related wavelength handle and a hole-size-related leakage handle. The resulting FDTD budget produces a pool of wavelength-compatible, narrow-beam, and reproducible high-$Q$ PCSEL candidates without trusting a single optimistic decay fit.
