AI 中文总结
研究红移\(z\sim6\)超爱丁顿类星体，用放大模拟结合理论模型，发现其外流驱动团块状星系际介质并形成扩展H\(α\)星云，早期黑洞增长增强重塑了类星体的星际和星系际介质，留下可观测特征。
AI 中文摘要
在红移\(z\gtrsim6\)处发现质量超过十亿个太阳质量的巨型黑洞，表明早期宇宙中黑洞快速增长并向宿主星系大量输入能量。利用詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜（JWST）对红移\(z > 6\)类星体周围星际介质（ISM）和星系际介质（CGM）的探测，可将详细理论研究与观测直接对比。通过对红移\(z\sim6\)的大质量原星团进行放大模拟，采用基准FABLE星系形成模型及允许更早黑洞播种和轻度超爱丁顿吸积的修正模型。中心类星体在大部分演化过程中保持康普顿厚，遮挡源于其致密宿主星系的ISM。足够强的类星体反馈引发‘爆发’事件，为电离辐射清理出逃逸通道，使中心引擎不再被遮挡。这导致CGM完全转变，强大的富含金属的外流产生大量冷、快、中性团块，显著增加宿主晕中中性氢的覆盖分数。用新的光线追踪代码进行的辐射传输计算表明，CGM通过形成H\(α\)星云对类星体活动做出响应，其大小和光度随类星体反馈强度增加而增大，随遮挡水平降低而减小。早期黑洞增长增强从根本上重塑了红移\(z\sim6\)类星体的ISM和CGM，在其遮挡、中性氢分布和扩展的H\(α\)发射中留下清晰的可观测特征。
英文摘要
The discovery of gargantuan black holes with masses exceeding a billion solar masses at $z\gtrsim6$ suggests rapid black hole growth and significant energy input into their host galaxies in the early Universe. With JWST probing previously unseen phases of the interstellar (ISM) and circumgalactic (CGM) medium around $z > 6$ quasars, detailed theoretical studies can now be directly confronted with observations. We use zoom-in simulations of a massive protocluster at $z\sim6$, employing both the fiducial FABLE galaxy formation model and modifications that allow earlier black hole seeding and mildly super-Eddington accretion. The central quasar remains Compton-thick throughout most of its evolution, with the obscuration arising from the ISM of its compact host galaxy. The onset of sufficiently strong quasar feedback drives a 'blow-out' episode, clearing out escape channels for ionizing radiation and leaving the central engine unobscured. This leads to a complete transformation of the CGM, whereby powerful, metal-enriched outflows produce a population of cold, fast, neutral clumps, significantly increasing the covering fraction of neutral hydrogen in the host halo. Radiative transfer calculations performed with a new ray-tracing code show that the CGM responds to quasar activity through the formation of H$α$ nebulae, whose size and luminosity increase with the strength of quasar feedback and decrease with obscuration level. Enhanced early black hole growth thus fundamentally reshapes the ISM and CGM of $z\sim6$ quasars, leaving clear observable signatures in their obscuration, neutral hydrogen distribution, and extended H$α$ emission.
Comments26 pages, 15 figures, submitted to MNRAS
