AI 中文总结
研究针对热带森林保护规划问题，开发综合空间指标，结合生物多样性与土地利用数据，以哥斯达黎加为例进行分析，揭示生物多样性 - 压力相互作用的空间组织，为保护规划提供决策支持工具。
AI 中文摘要
热带森林拥有非凡的生物多样性，但日益受到人为压力威胁，其保护对实现《生物多样性公约》目标至关重要。然而，国家保护规划常受监测框架异质性及生物多样性与人为压力整合有限的制约。我们开发了一种综合空间指标，结合开放获取的生物多样性和土地利用数据，识别生态潜力与人为压力间的避难和冲突区域。以哥斯达黎加为例，用多物种分布模型估计生态潜力，量化人为压力，识别相关区域并测试其空间意义、评估在国家保护网络中的代表性。该指标揭示了生物多样性 - 压力相互作用的空间组织，为评估保护网络等提供实用决策支持工具。
英文摘要
Tropical forests harbour exceptional biodiversity but are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures, making their conservation central to achieving the Convention on Biological Diversity targets. However, national conservation planning is often constrained by heterogeneous monitoring frameworks and limited integration of biodiversity and anthropogenic pressures. We develop a synthetic spatial indicator that combines open-access biodiversity and land-use data to identify refuge and conflict areas between ecological potential and anthropogenic pressure. Using Costa Rica as a national-scale demonstrator, we assess its capacity to support conservation prioritisation and evaluate the current conservation network. Ecological potential was estimated using multi-species distribution models for 254 dominant canopy tree species, serving as an operational proxy for tropical forest biodiversity and ecological structure. We quantified anthropogenic pressure from land-use patterns and combined it with ecological potential to identify refuge and conflict areas. We then tested the spatial significance of these areas and evaluated their representation within the national conservation network. The indicator reveals a clear spatial organisation of biodiversity-pressure interactions: refuge areas coincide with large, continuous forest cores, whereas conflict areas are concentrated in fragmented landscapes and may extend into protected areas. Flexible and transferable, the framework distinguishes areas requiring strict protection from those where restoration, sustainable management, or pressure mitigation should be prioritised. Rather than prescribing conservation actions, the refuge-conflict indicator provides a practical decision-support tool to assess conservation networks, strengthen ecological connectivity, and guide national biodiversity planning.
Comments35 pages, 7 figures + Appendix
