AI 中文总结
研究构建并编译量子算法模拟原子核结构，通过有效壳模型和无芯壳模型哈密顿量，给出量子资源估计，发现轻核无芯壳模型资源需求高，有望促进核物理与量子计算社区合作实现核模拟。
AI 中文摘要
为了最大化容错量子计算机的价值，开发超越化学和凝聚态物理等既定领域的具体应用至关重要。本文通过有效壳模型哈密顿量和源自手征有效场论的具有三体相互作用的无芯壳模型哈密顿量，构建并编译量子算法来模拟原子核结构。尽管该问题与化学中的电子结构问题相似，但在量子计算领域受到的关注相对较少。此外，我们给出了这些算法的量子资源估计，以Toffoli门和量子比特数计，据我们所知，这是对原子核容错量子模拟的首次此类估计。对于\(^{32}\)Mg和\(^{219}\)At壳模型哈密顿量的估计与化学中的标准基准Femoco模拟的近期估计相当。对于适用于轻核（约至\(^{40}\)Ca）的无芯壳模型哈密顿量，我们发现资源需求显著更高，这表明需要更定制化的策略来使此类模拟可行。在整个工作中，我们利用了核结构和电子结构问题之间的相似性，同时也强调了前者特有的挑战。我们希望这项工作能促进核物理和量子计算社区之间的长期合作，最终目标是在量子计算机上实现有用的核模拟。
英文摘要
To maximize the value of fault-tolerant quantum computers, it is essential to develop concrete applications beyond well-established domains such as chemistry and condensed-matter physics. Here we construct and compile quantum algorithms to simulate the structure of atomic nuclei -- a topic that has received relatively little attention from the quantum computing community despite its similarities to the electronic structure problem in chemistry -- via effective shell-model Hamiltonians and no-core-shell-model Hamiltonians with three-body interactions derived from chiral effective field theory. Furthermore, we provide quantum resource estimates, in terms of Toffoli gate and qubit counts, for these algorithms, which, to our knowledge, are the first such estimates for fault-tolerant quantum simulation of atomic nuclei. Notably, the estimates for $^{32}$Mg and $^{219}$At shell-model Hamiltonians are comparable to recent estimates of Femoco simulations, a standard benchmark in chemistry. For no-core-shell-model Hamiltonians suitable for light nuclei (up to $^{40}$Ca or so), we find that resource requirements are significantly higher, suggesting that more bespoke strategies are required to make such simulations practicable. Throughout this work, we draw upon the similarities between nuclear and electronic structure problems, while also highlighting challenges that are specific to the former. We hope this work will spur long-term collaborations between the nuclear and quantum computing community with the ultimate goal of realizing useful nuclear simulations on quantum computers.
Comments20 pages, 10 figures, 14 tables
