电磁感知流体天线阵列
Electromagnetic-Aware Fluid Antenna Array
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究流体天线阵列，提出电磁感知电流域框架，整合多因素为统一描述。在此基础上解决单波束超指向性波束形成及多用户加权和速率最大化问题，仿真显示正确建模互耦可提升性能。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
流体天线阵列（FAA）通过自适应端口定位提供了一种利用空间自由度的有前景的方式。但多数现有通信模型将天线端口视为独立信道样本，忽视了电磁耦合。本文为平面FAA开发了电磁感知电流域框架，该模型将位置相关的多端口阻抗、互耦、辐射和接收功率、源电压可行性及信道变化整合为统一的基带兼容描述。在此框架上，提出两个面向优化的设计问题，一个是单波束超指向性波束形成，另一个是多用户加权和速率最大化。仿真结果表明，正确建模时，互耦可作为有价值的设计资源，能实现更低旁瓣并持续提升和速率。
英文摘要
Fluid antenna arrays (FAAs) offer a promising means of exploiting spatial degrees of freedom through adaptive port positioning. However, most existing communication models treat antenna ports as independent channel samples and therefore overlook the electromagnetic coupling that fundamentally governs compact apertures. This paper develops an electromagnetic-aware current-domain framework for planar FAAs. The proposed model integrates position-dependent multiport impedance, mutual coupling, radiated and accepted power, source-voltage feasibility, and channel variations into a unified baseband-compatible description. The framework is implementation-agnostic: the closed-form half-wave-dipole model adopted in this paper is only one instance and can be replaced by full-wave, measured, or surrogate impedance and embedded-pattern models. Building on this framework, we formulate two optimization-oriented design problems. The first addresses single-beam superdirective beamforming through the joint optimization of port currents and positions under sidelobe, current, voltage, and geometry constraints. The second maximizes the multi-user weighted sum rate via current-domain precoding and position optimization under accepted-power, current, voltage, and spacing constraints. In both cases, the electromagnetic model is not applied as an after-design correction, but is incorporated directly into tractable alternating algorithms with convex current or precoding subproblems and reduced-gradient geometry updates. Simulation results demonstrate that, when properly modeled, mutual coupling can be exploited as a valuable design resource, enabling lower sidelobes and persistent sum-rate gains over fixed-grid and random fluid-antenna benchmarks.
