AI 中文总结
RES-NOVA原用于探测超新星中微子散射，现被证明可用于搜索太阳轴子。通过计算多种成分信号，推导其在不同平面的预测灵敏度，并给出首个原型的排除极限，确立其为有前途的太阳轴子多耦合探测器，与现有搜索互补。
AI 中文摘要
RES-NOVA是一个基于考古铅制成的PbWO4闪烁热量计的低温实验，最初旨在探测银河系核心坍缩超新星的相干弹性中微子-核散射（CEvNS）。我们表明，相同的高密度、高Z吸收体和亚keV能量分辨率使RES-NOVA成为太阳轴子的有吸引力的探测器。我们计算了太阳轴子通量的Primakoff、ABC（原子复合与去激发、轫致辐射、康普顿）、纵向等离子体（LP）和57Fe核线成分的预期信号，通过PbWO4中的逆Primakoff和轴电探测通道进行折叠，分别探测轴子与光子（g_a-gamma）、电子（g_ae）和核子（g_aN）的耦合。我们推导了RES-NOVA演示器在1吨*年曝光下在（g_ae,g_a-gamma）、（g_ae,g_aN）和（g_a-gamma,g_aN）平面上的预测灵敏度。尽管背景大约高四个数量级，但由于大目标质量、轴电和逆Primakoff截面的高Z增强以及亚keV能量分辨率，g_ae的预测范围接近XENONnT的范围，相差约2倍。由于对g_a-gamma的逆Primakoff约束依赖于吸收而不是相干转换，它与轴子质量无关，这与磁日震仪的界限不同。我们用从考古铅中生长的13 g PbWO4原型在实际数据上获得的首个太阳轴子排除极限补充这些预测，使用与背景模型无关的最佳区间分析。这些结果将RES-NOVA确立为太阳轴子的有前途的多耦合探测器，对g_ae、g_a-gamma和g_aN同时具有灵敏度，与现有的日震仪和直接探测搜索互补。
英文摘要
RES-NOVA is a cryogenic experiment based on PbWO4 scintillating bolometers produced from archaeological lead, originally designed to detect coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) from galactic core-collapse supernovae. We show that the same high-density, high-Z absorbers and sub-keV energy resolution make RES-NOVA an appealing probe of solar axions. We compute the expected signal from the Primakoff, ABC (atomic recombination and de-excitation, Bremsstrahlung, Compton), longitudinal-plasmon (LP), and 57Fe nuclear-line components of the solar axion flux, folded through the inverse-Primakoff and axioelectric detection channels in PbWO4, which probe the axion couplings to photons (g_a-gamma), electrons (g_ae), and nucleons (g_aN), respectively. We derive projected sensitivities for a 1 ton*y exposure of the RES-NOVA demonstrator in the (g_ae,g_a-gamma), (g_ae,g_aN), and (g_a-gamma,g_aN) planes. The projected reach in g_ae approaches that of XENONnT to within a factor of ~2, despite a background roughly four orders of magnitude higher, thanks to the large target mass, the high-Z enhancement of the axioelectric and inverse-Primakoff cross sections, and the sub-keV energy resolution. Because the inverse-Primakoff constraint on g_a-gamma relies on absorption rather than coherent conversion, it is independent of the axion mass, unlike bounds from magnetic helioscopes. We complement these projections with the first solar-axion exclusion limit obtained on real data with a 13 g PbWO4 prototype grown from archaeological lead, using a background-model-independent optimum-interval analysis. These results establish RES-NOVA as a promising multi-coupling probe of solar axions, with simultaneous sensitivity to g_ae, g_a-gamma and g_aN that is complementary to existing helioscope and direct-detection searches.
