AI 中文总结
研究时空耦合诱导时空涡环，通过理论与实验证明其能使非结构化波包散射成涡旋，所产生的时空涡旋和涡环有可控拓扑电荷与良好传播稳定性，揭示了时空奇点形成机制并提供结构化波产生通用途径。
AI 中文摘要
涡旋和涡环是在各种物理系统中出现的拓扑结构。然而，时空涡旋（STV）和涡环（STVR）的产生迄今依赖于复杂且通常是有源的波前调制。我们通过理论和实验证明，时空耦合能驱使非结构化波包在从简单障碍物散射时形成涡旋。所产生的STV和STVR具有可控的拓扑电荷和出色的传播稳定性。这些发现揭示了时空奇点形成的基本机制，并为结构化波的产生提供了一条通用途径。
英文摘要
Vortices and vortex rings are topological structures that arise in various physical systems. However, the generation of spatiotemporal vortices (STVs) and vortex rings (STVRs) has so far relied on complex, often active wavefront modulation. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that spatiotemporal coupling can drive unstructured wave packets to form vortices upon scattering from simple obstacles. The resulting STVs and STVRs possess controllable topological charges and excellent propagation stability. These findings reveal a fundamental mechanism for spatiotemporal singularity formation and provide a universal route to structured-wave generation.
Comments7 pages, 5 figures
