在爱因斯坦望远镜候选地点索斯埃纳托斯的次声牛顿噪声估计
Infrasound Newtonian Noise Estimation at the Einstein Telescope Candidate Site Sos Enattos
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究索斯埃纳托斯大气次声季节变化及对牛顿噪声的贡献，通过分析三个站点多季次声数据，利用压力谱估计NN贡献，发现次声引起的NN随深度强烈衰减，不构成地下引力波探测器的限制噪声源。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们研究了索斯埃纳托斯（爱因斯坦望远镜的主要候选地点）大气次声的季节变化及其对牛顿噪声（NN）的贡献。分析了三个站点（SOE0（地面）、SOE1（-84米）和SOE3（-160米））多个季节记录的次声数据，以表征声场的时间变化和深度依赖性。1赫兹处的振幅谱密度表现出明显的季节调制，冬季水平比夏季高10-15分贝，主要由风况变化驱动。利用测量压力谱在标准大气耦合框架内估计相应的NN贡献。在地面站（SOE0），1赫兹处的中值特征应变达到约10⁻²²，而在最深的地下站（SOE3）降至约10⁻²⁷，对应约五个数量级的抑制。在所有站点和环境条件下，推断的NN在1-10赫兹频段仍远低于ET-D设计灵敏度曲线。这些结果表明次声引起的NN随深度强烈衰减，并证实大气次声在此处不构成地下引力波探测器的限制噪声源。
英文摘要
We investigate the seasonal variability of atmospheric infrasound and its contribution to Newtonian noise (NN) at the Sos Enattos site, a leading candidate location for the Einstein Telescope (ET). Infrasound data recorded at three stations -- SOE0 (surface), SOE1 ($-84$ m), and SOE3 ($-160$ m) -- are analyzed over multiple seasons to characterize both temporal variability and the depth dependence of the acoustic field. The amplitude spectral density (ASD) at 1 Hz exhibits a clear seasonal modulation, with winter levels exceeding summer values by 10--15 dB, primarily driven by variations in wind conditions. Using the measured pressure spectra, we estimate the corresponding NN contribution within a standard atmospheric coupling framework. At the surface station (SOE0), the median characteristic strain reaches $\sim 10^{-22}$ at 1 Hz, whereas at the deepest underground station (SOE3) it decreases to $\sim 10^{-27}$, corresponding to a suppression of approximately five orders of magnitude. Across all stations and environmental conditions, the inferred NN remains well below the ET-D design sensitivity curve in the 1--10 Hz frequency band. These results demonstrate the strong attenuation of infrasound-induced NN with depth and confirm that atmospheric infrasound does not constitute a limiting noise source for underground gravitational-wave detectors at this site.
