发表机构
Information School, University of Wisconsin–Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校信息学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究大语言模型时代科学家科研变化，通过关联数据和分析论文贡献声明发现，2022年后科学家跨学科探索增加，合作网络更具跨学科性，分工更分化，有强AI写作信号者变化更明显，表明此时代科学探索、合作与分工正广泛重组。
AI 中文摘要
大语言模型已迅速且显著地进入科学工作流程，但它们的传播如何与科学家在研究方向和团队建设策略的变化相关尚不清楚。我们将775323名科学家的PubMed Central全文与OpenAlex出版物及合作历史联系起来，并分析了137120篇多作者论文的CRediT贡献声明。2022年后，科学家越来越多地跨更遥远领域发表论文并进入此前未涉足的领域，跨学科性和探索性增加，尤其是在资深科学家和来自非英语中低收入国家的科学家当中。有较强人工智能写作信号的作者在大语言模型广泛应用前就更具跨学科性和探索性，2022年后与较弱信号作者的差距进一步扩大。科学家的合作网络在2022年后也变得更具跨学科性。然而，在有较强人工智能写作信号的作者中，研究跨学科性与其合作者的学科多样性联系没那么紧密。研究团队内部分工也更趋分化，2022年后发表论文的贡献者平均角色集变窄，共同作者共享角色减少，角色分布更灵活，软件和验证角色增加，概念和管理角色减少。这些模式表明团队成员承担更明确责任，执行研究任务时可能彼此依赖减少。总体而言，本研究表明大语言模型时代恰逢科学探索、合作和分工的更广泛重组。
英文摘要
Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly and significantly entered scientific workflows, but it remains unclear how their diffusion is associated with changes in scientists' strategies in research directions and team building. We link PubMed Central full text with OpenAlex publication and collaboration histories for 775,323 scientists and analyze CRediT contribution statements from 137,120 multi-author papers. After 2022, scientists increasingly published across more intellectually distant fields and entered fields in which they had not previously worked. These increases in interdisciplinarity and exploration were especially pronounced among established scientists and scientists from non-English-speaking low- and middle-income countries. Authors with stronger AI-writing signals were already more interdisciplinary and exploratory before the widespread adoption of LLMs, and the gap widened further after 2022 compared with authors with weaker AI-writing signals. Scientists' collaboration networks also became more interdisciplinary after 2022. Yet, among authors with stronger AI-writing signals, research interdisciplinarity was less closely tied to the disciplinary diversity of their collaborators. The division of labor within research teams also became more differentiated. Contributors on papers published after 2022 reported narrower role sets on average, coauthors shared fewer roles in common, and their role profiles became less rigid and more fluid. Software and validation roles increased, while conceptual and management roles decreased. These patterns suggest that team members are taking on more distinct responsibilities and may rely less on one another to perform research tasks. Overall, this study indicates that the LLM era coincides with a broader reorganization of scientific exploration, collaboration, and the division of labor.
CommentsMain text: 21 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary materials: 25 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables
