由偶极-偶极相互作用操纵的多临界耗散相变
Multicritical dissipative phase transitions manipulated by dipole--dipole interactions
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究双里德堡原子腔量子电动力学系统中多临界现象，通过偶极-偶极相互作用重构能级格局，改变超辐射相变边界，使连续二阶相变和多临界点移动或消失，为耗散量子相变研究及相关应用提供理论基础。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
在超辐射相变中精确控制临界性对于量子态工程和非平衡相变模拟至关重要。本文从理论上研究了一个耗散的双里德堡原子腔量子电动力学系统中的多临界现象。两个里德堡原子间的固有偶极-偶极相互作用重构了原子子系统的能级格局，显著改变了连续二阶超辐射相变的边界，使相变边界和多临界点向较弱的原子-腔强度移动。对于足够强的偶极-偶极相互作用，连续二阶相变和多临界点均消失，仅留下不连续的一阶相变，这使得即使在任意弱的原子-腔耦合下超辐射相也能出现。该研究对耗散量子相变的基础研究具有重要意义，在量子精密测量和量子传感方面有潜在应用。
英文摘要
Precise control of criticality in superradiant phase transitions is essential for quantum state engineering and the simulation of nonequilibrium phase transitions. Here, we investigate theoretically multicritical phenomena in a dissipative two-Rydberg-atom cavity--QED system. The intrinisic dipole--dipole interaction between the two Rydberg atoms restructures the energy-level landscape of the atomic subsystem, thereby significantly modifying the boundary of the continuous second-order superradiant phase transition, and shifting both the phase boundary and the multicritical point toward weaker atom--cavity strengths. For sufficiently strong dipole--dipole interactions, the continuous second-order phase transition and the multicritical point both disappear, leaving only a discontinuous first--order phase transition that enables the emergence of a superradiant phase even at arbitrarily weak atom--cavity coupling. This work is of fundamental interest for studying dissipative quantum phase transitions, with potential implications for quantum precision measurement and quantum sensing.
