AI 中文总结
研究光伏能量转换，提出发光角度限制器，通过开发遍历马尔可夫链传输模型计算操作发射分布，揭示PV结构详细平衡极限取决于内部辐射能量重新分布和非平衡发射分布，理想条件下可提高效率。
AI 中文摘要
由肖克利和奎塞尔建立的详细平衡方法通过将非平衡转换器操作与平衡参考状态相关联来确定光伏（PV）转换效率。传统上，功率转换过程中的角向和光谱辐射通道由平衡吸收率和发射率定义，光子化学势决定其占有率。对于平板电池，这一假设很合理，但在更复杂的纳米光子结构中辐射能量重新分布时需要更仔细研究。我们用提出的发光角度限制器（LAR）分析这种差异，其中平板PV吸收器与具有垂直排列纳米棒（NR）的覆盖层耦合。NR层对近垂直太阳光几乎透明，而倾斜的PV发光可被吸收、重新发射并部分返回吸收器。为计算操作发射分布，我们开发了一个遍历马尔可夫链传输模型，该模型在不施加固定宏观发射率的情况下强制局部光学跃迁的微观可逆性。该模型恢复了平板详细平衡极限，并预测了LAR/PV结构的电压依赖性外部发射分布。在理想条件下，这种非平衡角向重新分布降低了发光发射的角熵，并相对于传统平板参考提高了效率。我们还评估了NR光致发光量子产率、太阳失准、取向无序和俄歇复合，以确定所提出结构的实际限制。这些结果表明，PV结构的详细平衡极限如何取决于内部辐射能量重新分布和非平衡发射分布，超出了从宏观平衡光学响应中可以推断的范围。
英文摘要
The detailed-balance method established by Shockley and Queisser determines photovoltaic (PV) conversion efficiencies by relating non-equilibrium converter operation to an equilibrium reference state. Conventionally, the angular and spectral radiative channels during power conversion are assumed to be defined by the equilibrium absorptivity and emissivity, with the photon chemical potential setting their occupation. This assumption is well motivated for flat-plate cells, but requires closer examination when radiative energy is redistributed within a more complex nanophotonic architecture. We analyze this distinction with a proposed luminescent angle restrictor (LAR), in which a flat-plate PV absorber is coupled to an overlayer with vertically aligned nanorods (NR). The NR layer is nearly transparent to near-normal sunlight, while oblique PV luminescence can be absorbed, re-emitted, and partially returned to the absorber. To calculate the operating emission profile, we develop an ergodic Markov chain transport model enforcing microscopic reversibility for local optical transitions without imposing a fixed macroscopic emissivity. The model recovers the flat-plate detailed-balance limit and predicts voltage-dependent external emission profiles from the LAR/PV architecture. Under idealized conditions, this non-equilibrium angular redistribution reduces the angular entropy of luminescent emission and increases efficiency relative to the conventional flat-plate reference. We also evaluate NR photoluminescence quantum yield, solar misalignment, orientational disorder, and Auger recombination to identify practical constraints on the proposed architecture. These results show how detailed-balance limits for PV structures can depend on internal radiative energy redistribution and the non-equilibrium emission profile, beyond what can be inferred from the macroscopic equilibrium optical response.
Comments20 pages, 8 figures
