地球自转将事件时间转化为超高能中微子起源的几何探测器
Earth rotation turns event timing into a geometric probe of UHE neutrino origin
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究KM3NeT探测到的UHE事件KM3 - 230213A能否用暗物质衰变解释。开发测试统计量评估，发现单个事件虽不支持但未排除DM假设。纳入探测器能见度可减少排除事件数，时间分辨预测能大幅减少所需事件数，结果具鲁棒性，框架可将事件时间转化为探测器。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
有人提出，KM3NeT探测到的超高能（UHE）事件KM3 - 230213A可以用暗物质（DM）衰变来解释。表面上看这似乎不太可能，因为该事件的到达方向与银河系中心相反。我们开发了一个逐事件测试统计量来定量评估这种可能性，并预测未来所需的事件数量以排除DM假设而支持各向同性信号。对于观测到的单个事件，DM衰变假设不被支持但未被排除（p值DM≈0.13 - 0.15）。我们强调，尽管可见天空比例降低，但纳入时间平均探测器能见度有助于辨别，将排除所需的事件数量从约33 - 43减少到约22 - 27。进一步开展完全时间分辨预测，发现排除所需的事件数量减少了40%，约为14 - 16。信号的时间变化提供了关键信息，使人们能够用少得多的事件排除或确认DM假设。我们的结果对DM衰变通道和晕分布具有鲁棒性，可轻松应用于其他类似分布的遗迹。我们的框架使事件时间能够转化为信号几何的探测器，对任何UHE赤道中微子望远镜都具有通用性。
英文摘要
It has been proposed that the ultra-high-energy (UHE) event $\rm KM3-230213A$ detected by KM3NeT could be explained by dark matter (DM) decay. Prima facie this seems unlikely because the arrival direction of the event is opposite to the Galactic Centre. We develop a per-event test statistic to quantitively assess this possibility and forecast the required future events to exclude the DM hypothesis in favour of an isotropic signal. For the single event observed, the DM decay hypothesis is disfavoured but not excluded ($p\text{-value}_{\rm DM}\simeq0.13$--$0.15$). We emphasise how including the time-averaged detector visibility helps discrimination despite reducing the proportion of visible sky, reducing the number of events for exclusion from $\sim33$--$43$ to $\sim22$--$27$. Moving beyond this, we perform a fully time-resolved forecast and find that the required number of events for exclusion reduces by $40\%$, $\sim14$--$16$. The time variation in the signal provides vital information allowing one to exclude or confirm the DM hypothesis with much fewer events. Our results are robust against DM decay channels and halo distributions and can readily be applied to other relics distributed similarly. Our framework allows one to turn event timing into a probe of signal geometry and is generic to any UHE equatorial neutrino telescopes.
