AI 中文总结
研究现代中微子探测器非线性材料效应致量热能量重建的相互作用模型依赖性，评估多个中微子相互作用事件发生器不同调谐下的偏差，发现纯量热重建时不同探测器模型偏差有差异，混合重建可降低偏差，该偏差或致系统不确定性，还讨论了应对策略。
AI 中文摘要
中微子振荡实验依赖高精度中微子能量重建。在液氩时间投影室和闪烁体中，常见的重建技术是通过相互作用中产生的可见粒子的量热总和。然而，探测器响应中的非线性，如闪烁体的Birks猝灭和时间投影室的复合效应，导致可见强子能量重建存在模糊性。需要依赖相互作用模型的假设来解决这些模糊性，这在中微子能量重建中引入了偏差。这引入了一个与因例如末态中子产生导致的缺失能量的相互作用模型依赖性建模所产生的偏差不同的系统不确定性。在这项工作中，我们针对T2K（ND280）、NO$\nu$A、MINER$\nu$A、$\mu$BooNE和DUNE实验中量热能量重建的代表性情况，评估了GENIE、NEUT、NuWro和GiBUU中微子相互作用事件发生器的多个调谐下，这些材料效应引起的偏差的相互作用模型依赖性。使用纯量热重建，我们的结果表明，在相关能量范围内，闪烁体探测器的平均中微子能量重建偏差在模型之间存在显著差异，约为7 - 9 MeV，基于氩的探测器约为11 - 18 MeV。当使用基于跟踪和量热的理想化混合能量重建时，后者显示出降低（降至约3.5 MeV）。总体而言，我们得出结论，由于材料效应导致的中微子能量重建偏差可能意味着中微子振荡和截面测量中不可忽略的系统不确定性，并讨论了减轻该问题的替代分析策略。
英文摘要
Neutrino oscillation experiments rely on high precision neutrino energy reconstruction. A common reconstruction technique in LAr-TPCs and scintillators is via the calorimetric sum of visible particles created in the interaction. However, non-linearities in the detector response, such as Birks quenching for scintillators and recombination effects for TPCs, lead to ambiguities in the reconstruction of visible hadronic energies. Interaction-model-dependent assumptions are required to resolve these ambiguities, which introduces a bias in reconstruction of neutrino energy. This introduces a systematic uncertainty separate from the well-studied bias due to interaction-model dependent modelling of missing energy caused by, for example, the production of final state neutrons. In this work, we evaluate the interaction-model dependence of the bias caused by these material effects across multiple tunes of the GENIE, NEUT, NuWro, and GiBUU neutrino interaction event generators for cases representative of calorimetric energy reconstruction at the T2K (ND280), NO$ν$A, MINER$ν$A, $μ$BooNE, and DUNE experiments. Using pure calorimetric reconstruction, our results show significant differences in the mean neutrino-energy reconstruction bias between models, at the level of $\sim$7-9\,MeV for scintillator detectors and $\sim$11-18\,MeV for argon-based detectors in the relevant energy range. The latter is shown to be reduced (down to $\sim$3.5\,MeV) when using an idealised hybrid energy reconstruction based on tracking and calorimetry. Overall, we conclude that neutrino-energy reconstruction bias due to material effects may imply non-negligible systematic uncertainties for neutrino oscillation and cross-section measurements, and discuss alternative analysis strategies to mitigate the issue.
