国际轴子天文台（IAXO）定制混合X射线望远镜的概述与设计优化
Overview and design optimization of a custom hybrid X-ray telescope for the International Axion Observatory (IAXO)
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究针对国际轴子天文台定制混合X射线望远镜进行设计优化，包括混合配置、外壳布局及镀膜配方等。通过计算有效面积、模拟PSF和焦斑评估对信噪比的提升，其能量响应良好，能提高观测SNR超55倍。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们介绍了用于国际轴子天文台（IAXO）和小型IAXO的定制X射线光学器件有效面积最大化的设计优化，包括其新颖的混合配置，能以最小应力覆盖700毫米直径磁孔；针对轴子光谱和空间分布优化的外壳布局；以及增强感兴趣能量范围内反射率的镀膜配方。通过计算宽带有效面积、模拟探测器平面的点扩散函数（PSF）和焦斑，评估这些设计选择如何提高小型IAXO和IAXO观测的信噪比（SNR）。这种经济高效且可扩展的光学器件能量响应为0.03 - 15 keV，在1 keV（ABC轴子光谱峰值附近）有效面积超过2400平方厘米，在3 keV（普里马科夫轴子光谱峰值附近）保持在1700平方厘米以上。对于无穷远处的轴上点源，半功率直径（HPD）约为46″，对于太阳核心约3′半径内轴子信号预期的径向分布，焦斑HPD约为120″。还总结了相对宽松的制造误差预算。考虑制造误差的定制光学器件预计将使SNR提高超过55倍。
英文摘要
We present the design optimization for maximizing the effective area of a custom X-ray optic for the International Axion Observatory (IAXO) and BabyIAXO, including its novel hybrid configuration that enables full coverage of the 700-mm-diameter magnetic bore with minimal stress imposed on the mirrors; shell layout optimized for axion spectra and spatial distribution; and the coating recipes that enhance reflectivity in the energy range of interest. We evaluate how these design choices improve the observation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of BabyIAXO and IAXO by calculating the broad-band effective area and simulating the point spread function (PSF) and focal spot at the detector plane. The cost-effective and scalable optic offers an energy response from 0.03--15 keV, achieving an effective area that exceeds 2400 cm$^2$ near 1 keV - the peak of the ABC axion spectrum - and remains above 1700 cm$^2$ around 3 keV - the peak of the Primakoff axion spectrum. It yields a half-power diameter (HPD) of $\sim 46^{\prime\prime}$ for an on-axis point source at infinity, and a focal-spot HPD of $\sim 120^{\prime\prime}$ for the radial distribution expected for axion signals within the approximately $3^{\prime}$-radius solar core. A relatively generous fabrication-error budget is also summarized. The custom optic, accounting for fabrication errors, is anticipated to deliver a more than $55$-fold enhancement in the SNR.
