发表机构
Bioaraba Health Research Institute; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation of Science（Bioaraba健康研究所; IKERBASQUE，巴斯克科学基金会）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究利用门控10模拟中的超快飞行时间信息，通过TOF驱动的重建方法，借助亚皮秒时间戳将符合事件分配到湮灭位置，能快速生成模拟PET扫描仪3D图像，可评估多项性能，支持早期PET原型设计。
AI 中文摘要
背景：门控10模拟中的超快飞行时间（TOF）信息可实现直接3D PET重建，无需特定扫描仪建模。虽当前探测器无法实现皮秒级定时，但模拟数据有助于探索理想化TOF模式并快速评估PET原型设计。方法：TOF驱动的重建利用亚皮秒时间戳将每个符合事件分配到其湮灭位置，生成具有灵活体素大小和视野选择的体素化3D直方图。该方法直接对门控排序的符合事件进行操作，无需校正，并输出MHD/DICOM图像。时间戳精度（约10^-13秒）可实现毫米级定位。结果：在不到一秒的时间内生成了模拟INSPIRE PET扫描仪的完整3D图像。该方法在点源研究中可分辨0.25毫米特征，在Derenzo体模中可分辨1.2毫米棒，在图像质量测试中再现了真实活动分布，并在不同几何形状下保持定量稳定性。性能反映了超快TOF的理论优势，而非当前探测器的能力。意义：这种快速、与几何形状无关的重建工具支持早期PET原型设计，无需复杂重建软件即可快速评估空间分辨率、灵敏度和均匀性。它广泛适用于任何具有排序符合事件的模拟PET系统，并能在可控环境中系统地探索超快TOF性能。
英文摘要
Background: Ultrafast Time-of-Flight (TOF) information in Gate 10 simulations enables direct 3D PET reconstruction without scanner-specific modeling. Although such picosecond timing is not achievable in current detectors, simulated data allow exploration of idealized TOF regimes and rapid evaluation of prototype PET designs. Methods: The TOF-driven reconstruction assigns each coincidence to its annihilation position using sub-picosecond timestamps, producing voxelized 3D histograms with flexible voxel size and field-of-view selection. The approach operates directly on Gate-sorted coincidences, requires no corrections, and outputs MHD/DICOM images. Timestamp precision (~10^-13 s) enables localization on the millimeter scale. Results: Full 3D images of the simulated INSPIRE PET scanner are generated in under one second. The method resolves 0.25 mm features in point-source studies and 1.2 mm rods in the Derenzo phantom, reproduces ground-truth activity distributions in image-quality tests, and maintains quantitative stability across geometries. Performance reflects the theoretical benefits of ultrafast TOF rather than current detector capabilities. Significance: This fast, geometry-agnostic reconstruction tool supports early-stage PET prototyping, allowing rapid assessment of spatial resolution, sensitivity, and uniformity without implementing complex reconstruction software. It is broadly applicable to any simulated PET system with sorted coincidences and enables systematic exploration of ultrafast TOF performance in a controlled environment.
Comments27 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Reference in MDPI format. This version corrects errors in Word file bookmarks that resulted in errors in links to figures
