水面波在入水过程中改变空气卷入

中文摘要 AI 辅助

当球体穿过空气-水界面时，它会卷入大量空气，这一过程与许多海军、工业和环境场景相关。虽然通过球体撞击静止水槽中的空气卷入已被广泛研究，但实际界面本质上是不稳定的，表面波的影响尚不清楚。在本信函中，我们系统地研究了界面几何形状对疏水性球体撞击轴对称波场时所卷入空气的影响。通过分析在包括波相位、驱动振幅和频率等广泛参数空间内形成的空腔，我们发现局部界面变形会显著改变空气卷入。这种效应是由飞溅幕的几何调制驱动的，它改变了空腔闭合模式之间的转变。我们证明，波的影响完全由球体半径处的局部波斜率描述，这与韦伯数We和邦德数Bo一起，为预测在像公海这样高度动态的实际表面上的空气卷入和空腔度量建立了一个基本的参数框架。

英文摘要

When a sphere crosses an air-water interface it can entrain a significant volume of air, a process relevant to numerous naval, industrial, and environmental settings. While air entrainment through sphere impact onto quiescent interfaces has been extensively studied, real-world interfaces are inherently unsteady, and the influence of surface waves is less understood. In this work, we systematically investigate the effect of waves on air entrainment in a highly controlled setting: small hydrophobic spheres impacting an axisymmetric standing wavefield. By analyzing the resulting cavity across a wide parameter space, including wave phase, driving amplitude, and frequency, we reveal that local interface deformation dramatically alters the maximum cavity volume. This effect is driven by a geometric modulation of the splash curtain, which shifts the transition between cavity closure modes. We demonstrate that the influence of waves in our setting is well parameterized by the instantaneous interface slope evaluated at the radius of the sphere, successfully collapsing our experimental data alongside the traditional Weber and Bond numbers.

发表机构

• Brown University（布朗大学）
• Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）
• École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne（洛桑联邦理工学院）
• Naval Undersea Warfare Center（海军水下战中心）

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