氢原子和碱金属原子中的环形跃迁
Toroidal Transitions in Hydrogenic and Alkali Atoms
AI总结：
研究氢原子和碱金属原子中的环形跃迁，考虑抗磁贡献重新审视环形耦合，指出应在低主量子数跃迁中寻找环形跃迁，并可用差分测量去除电偶极贡献，以应对观测环形耦合的技术挑战。
AI中文摘要：
除了电和磁多极子外，电流密度的展开还会产生环形项，这是一类鲜为人知的多极子。I. Kuprov等人近期的一项提议探讨了在强磁场使电子自旋和角动量解耦的情况下，直接观测氢原子和碱金属原子中光学环形跃迁的可能性。然而，由于抗磁耦合产生的额外混合，低估了相对于附近电偶极（E1）跃迁观测这些跃迁的难度。本文重新审视了原子中的环形耦合，考虑了抗磁贡献，并讨论了在原子物理学中观测环形耦合的技术挑战。我们表明，应在低主量子数的跃迁中寻找环形跃迁。使用适当的差分测量可以去除剩余的强电偶极贡献。
英文摘要：
In addition to electric and magnetic multipoles, the expansion of current density also yields toroidal terms, a lesser-known family of multipoles. A recent proposal, I. Kuprov $\textit{et al.}$, Science Adv. 8 abq6751 (2022), explores the possibility of a direct observation of optical toroidal transitions in hydrogen and alkali atoms in the presence of a large magnetic field that decouples the spin and the angular momentum of the electron. However, the difficulty of observing these transitions against the nearby electric dipole (E1) transitions were underestimated because of extra admixture coming from diamagnetic coupling. Here, we revisit the toroidal coupling in atoms, taking diamagnetic contribution into account, and discuss the technical challenges of observing toroidal coupling in atomic physics. We show that toroidal transition should be searched in transitions with low principal quantum numbers. The remaining strong electric-dipole contribution could be removed using an appropriate differential measurement.
