AI 中文总结
研究Iax型超新星前身系统和爆炸机制，利用盖亚和泛星1号数据搜索超新星1181伴星，未探测到符合单简并通道的伴星，支持双简并通道，为Iax型超新星多种前身通道提供直接证据。
AI 中文摘要
Iax型超新星是最近才确定的热核超新星的特殊子类，其前身系统和爆炸机制仍存在争议。一种主要的设想是单简并通道，即一个从氦星伴星吸积物质的白矮星经历纯爆燃，留下一个束缚遗迹和一个幸存的伴星。银河系超新星1181具有独特的性质，与涉及弱爆炸和束缚白矮星遗迹的Iax型超新星一致，为检验这一设想提供了独特机会。本文利用存档的盖亚和泛星1号数据，在遗迹周围30角秒（约0.3秒差距）内对幸存的氦星伴星进行了深度搜索。视差和自行排除了所有盖亚源，而其余泛星1号源的光谱能量分布与氦星光谱模板和已知的热亚矮星群体均不一致。双星演化计算预测，绝对g波段星等Mg≤6.5等的伴星的最小质量，比泛星1号的探测极限Mg>8等亮得多。我们的未探测结果排除了超新星1181存在氦星和富氢发光伴星的可能性，支持双简并通道（即白矮星合并）。加上在超新星2012Z的爆炸前成像中发现的发光氦星伴星，我们的结果为导致Iax型超新星的多种前身通道提供了直接证据。
英文摘要
Type Iax supernovae (SNe Iax) are the recently-established, yet peculiar subclass of thermonuclear supernovae, whose progenitor systems and explosion mechanisms remain debated. A leading scenario is a single-degenerate channel, in which a white dwarf accreting from a He-star companion undergoes a pure deflagration, leaving both a bound remnant and surviving companion. The Galactic SN 1181, whose distinctive properties are consistent with an SN Iax involving a weak explosion and bound white dwarf remnant, offers a unique opportunity to test this scenario. Here, we perform a deep search for a surviving He-star companion, a hallmark of the single-degenerate He-donor channel, within $30^{\prime\prime}$ ($\sim 0.3$ pc) of the remnant using archival Gaia and Pan-STARRS1 data. The parallaxes and proper motions exclude all Gaia sources, while the spectral energy distributions of the remaining Pan-STARRS1 sources are inconsistent with both the He-star spectral templates and known hot-subdwarf population. Binary evolution calculations predict a minimum mass of a companion with an absolute $g$-band magnitude of $M_{g} \lesssim 6.5$ mag, much brighter than the Pan-STARRS1 detection limit of $M_{g} > 8$ mag. Our non-detection rules out He-star and luminous hydrogen-rich companions for SN 1181, favoring a double-degenerate channel (i.e., a white dwarf merger). Adding to the luminous He-star companion identified in the pre-explosion imaging of SN 2012Z, our results provide direct evidence for multiple progenitor channels leading to SNe Iax.
Comments9 pages, 5 figures
