活动星系核反馈模型与活动星系核统计 II：将辐射反馈和总反馈的预测与观测结果进行比较
AGN Feedback Models and AGN Demographics II: Comparing Predictions of Radiative and Total Feedback to Observations
AI总结：
研究通过比较EAGLE、SIMBA和TNG100的辐射模式AGN反馈模型预测与观测约束来评估模型，发现模拟与观测的辐射AGN群体不匹配，还比较了EAGLE的$F_{\mathrm{AGN}}$预测与新测量，其总AGN反馈能量与观测大致一致但爱丁顿比率有差异。
AI中文摘要：
我们通过将EAGLE、SIMBA和TNG100的辐射模式活动星系核（AGN）反馈模型对AGN宿主星系关系的预测与新的观测约束进行比较，来评估这些模型。由于对基础物理的了解不完整，这些模型差异很大，尚不清楚它们是否准确反映现实。在之前的研究中，基于窄线AGN的统计数据，我们将宿主恒星质量（$M_*$）和特定恒星形成率（sSFR）的函数中，具有爱丁顿比率$\lambda > 10^{-3}$的辐射AGN宿主星系固有比例$F_{\mathrm{AGN}}$进行了约束。观测上，对于静止星系，$F_{\mathrm{AGN}}$随$M_*$强烈下降，而对于恒星形成系统则大致保持不变。在本研究中，我们发现没有一个模拟能定性地重现这些趋势，这表明模拟的和观测的辐射AGN群体之间存在不匹配。此外，由于EAGLE没有明确区分射电和辐射模式，我们将其对$F_{\mathrm{AGN}}(M_*, \mathrm{sSFR})$的预测与我们对辐射和射电模式AGN组合比例的新测量进行比较。对于EAGLE的恒定耦合效率$\epsilon_{\mathrm{f}} = 0.15$，以及观测中采用的标准热光度和喷流功率转换因子，EAGLE中的总AGN反馈能量与观测大致一致，尽管爱丁顿比率比观测值大10倍。因此，在得出确凿结论之前，需要对EAGLE的假设与观测进行更详细的比较。
英文摘要：
We evaluate the radiative-mode active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback models of EAGLE, SIMBA, and TNG100 by comparing their predictions for the AGN-host galaxy relationship to new observational constraints. Owing to incomplete knowledge of the underlying physics, these models differ substantially, and it remains unclear whether any of them accurately reflect reality. In a previous study, based on the demographics of narrow line AGN, we constrained $F_{\mathrm{AGN}}$, the intrinsic fraction of galaxies hosting a radiative AGN with Eddington ratio $λ> 10^{-3}$, as a function of host stellar mass ($M_*$) and specific star formation rate (sSFR). Observationally, $F_{\mathrm{AGN}}$ declines strongly with $M_*$ for quiescent galaxies, while remaining approximately constant for star-forming systems. In this study, we find that none of the simulations reproduce these trends even qualitatively, indicating a mismatch between the simulated and observed radiative AGN populations. Additionally, since EAGLE does not explicitly distinguish between radio and radiative modes, we compare its predictions for $F_{\mathrm{AGN}}(M_*, \mathrm{sSFR})$ to our novel measurements of the combined radiative and radio mode AGN fractions. For EAGLE's constant coupling efficiency $ε_{\mathrm{f}} = 0.15$, and for the adopted standard bolometric and jet-power conversion factors in the observations, the total AGN feedback energy in EAGLE is broadly consistent with observations, though with Eddington ratios a factor of 10 greater than is observed. More detailed comparisons of EAGLE's assumptions with observations are therefore required before drawing firm conclusions.
