AI 中文总结
研究利用NOEMA观测普朗克选择的四个强透镜高红移星系候选体，通过成像、光谱分析及引力透镜建模，获得其光谱红移等数据，确认强透镜性质，发现不同源的谱线特征差异，为研究星系活跃阶段结构和运动学提供了详细资料。
AI 中文摘要
普朗克巡天探测到的高红移强透镜星系因其巨大引力放大而极其明亮，为研究其活跃恒星形成阶段的结构和运动学提供了独特机会。本文呈现并分析了四个透镜状高红移星系候选体的NOEMA成像和光谱数据。进行了2毫米和3毫米波段的连续谱和谱线成像，重构并拟合谱线轮廓，制作线发射矩图以研究分子气体的空间分布和运动学，还对其中一个源进行了引力透镜建模。连续谱图像显示至少两个源有多个成分，支持强透镜情况。所有源都以高信噪比检测到两条CO线及一个源的[CI](1-0)线，得到准确光谱红移，四个源都高于未透镜星系的CO线光度-线宽关系，三个源有宽双峰谱线和速度梯度，另一个有窄单峰线且无明显速度梯度。
英文摘要
The extreme brightness of high-$z$ strongly lensed galaxies detected by Planck surveys, thanks to their exceptionally large gravitational magnifications, offers a unique opportunity to investigate in extraordinary detail their structure and kinematics during their active star-formation phase. As a step in this direction, we present and analyse NOEMA imaging and spectroscopic data for four lensed high-z galaxy candidates. We performed continuum and line imaging of the sources at 2 and 3 mm bands down to $1''.2$ spatial resolution and 40 $\rm{km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$ spectral resolution, reconstructed and fitted the line profiles, and produced moment maps of the line emission to investigate the spatial distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas. We also carried out the gravitational lens modelling for one of the sources. The continuum images showed multiple components for at least two of the sources, strongly supporting the strong lensing scenario. We detected with high S/N ratios two CO lines for all sources, at CO(3-2), CO(4-3) and CO(5-4) transitions; for one source, we also detected the [CI](1-0) line. We derived accurate spectroscopic redshifts $2.3 \lesssim z \lesssim 3.3$, with $1σ$ uncertainties $δz \approx 10^{-4}$ in redshift. All four sources lie well above the CO line luminosity-linewidth relation for unlensed galaxies, providing independent confirmation of their strongly lensed nature. Three sources exhibit broad (FWHM$\gtrsim 400\,{\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$), double-peaked line profiles and substantial velocity gradients, while the last one shows relatively narrow, single-peaked lines and no detectable velocity gradients, possibly indicating a nearly face-on geometry or intrinsically simple kinematics.
Comments16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Sect. 4. Extragalactic astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A) Added missing coauthor and data availability section
