使用单光子和非理想设备的实验量子密码学
Experimental quantum cryptography with single photons and imperfect devices
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究利用半导体量子点光源单光子结合动态偏振态编码实现BB84协议，考虑单光子源及接收器的不完美性与误差范围，证明其安全性并分析性能，展现竞争力，为QKD实用无漏洞实现铺路。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
量子密钥分发（QKD）能在两个可信方之间实现可证明安全的密钥分发。由于QKD协议的安全性和性能依赖于按特定假设运行的设备，对设备行为理想化或不准确的假设会引入安全漏洞。真实设备无法完美表征，其性能指标总有误差范围，需在严格理论分析中考虑。近期严格的有限尺寸结果允许对有不确定性范围的非理想设备进行表征，BB84协议实验实现中尚未考虑此进展。本文利用半导体量子点光源产生的单光子结合动态偏振态编码，证明了BB84协议实现的安全性并分析了其性能。考虑了单光子源（有限的g(2)(0)）以及接收器（非理想分束器、有限探测器效率和暗计数）的不完美性及误差范围。所得协议实现展现出有竞争力的性能，为QKD的实用且无漏洞实现铺平了道路。
英文摘要
Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for provably secure key distribution between two trusted parties. Because the security and performance of QKD protocols rely on devices that behave according to specific assumptions, idealized or inaccurate assumptions about device behavior can introduce security loopholes. Real devices can never be perfectly characterized, and their performance metrics are always subject to certain error margins, which must be accounted for in a rigorous theoretical analysis. Only recently have rigorous finite-size results allowed for imperfect characterizations of devices (where device parameter have uncertainty margins) - an advance yet to be considered in experimental implementations of the BB84 protocol. In this work, we prove the security and analyze the performance of an implementation of the BB84 protocol using single photons generated by a semiconductor quantum dot light source in combination with dynamic polarization-state encoding. We consider the presence of incompletely characterized devices by accounting for imperfections in the single-photon source (in terms of finite g(2)(0)) as well as the receiver (non-ideal beam-splitters, finite detector efficiencies, and dark counts), all with error margins. The resulting protocol implementation shows competitive performance, paving the way towards practical and loop-hole free implementations of QKD.
