AI 中文总结
研究电动汽车和内燃机汽车车内噪音对速度感知的影响，采用2AFC范式测量速度JND，发现40km/h时不同声音条件下差异不明显，100km/h时有显著差异，ICEV中与转速相关频率变化是主要线索，为相关设计提供参考。
AI 中文摘要
电动汽车（EV）和内燃机汽车（ICEV）在车内声学方面存在根本差异，尤其是发动机阶次内容的衰减或缺失。先前研究报道了发动机声音降低、速度低估和较差的速度维持之间的关联，但关于电动汽车新声音如何影响速度感知和控制的研究很少，且大多关注舒适性和主观愉悦度而非速度感知。本研究采用两区间、两择一强迫选择（2AFC）范式，直接测量ICEV、EV和静音条件下速度的刚刚可察觉差异（JND）。30名参与者进行2AFC任务，每次试验观看两个第一人称高速公路片段并指出哪个看起来更快。方差分析和事后检验结果表明，在40km/h参考速度下，参与者在不同声音条件下无明显差异，而在100km/h时JND有显著差异：ICEV均值为1.93km/h，EV为3.48km/h，静音为5.15km/h。心理声学参数分析表明，这种效应不能用响度或锐度随速度的变化来解释；我们认为ICEV中与转速相关、清晰可闻的频率变化提供了主要贡献线索。对于电动汽车的NVH或人工声音设计，在尊重舒适性的同时增强速度相关、可追踪的频谱线索可能有助于维持驾驶员区分速度差异的能力。
英文摘要
Electric vehicles (EVs) and internal-combustion-engine vehicles (ICEVs) differ fundamentally in their in-cabin acoustics, notably the attenuation or absence of engine-order content. Prior work reports associations between reduced engine sound, speed underestimation, and poorer speed maintenance; however, research on how EVs' new sound affects speed perception and control is scarce, and most newer studies focus on comfort and subjective pleasantness rather than speed perception. Addressing this gap, the present study uses a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) paradigm to directly measure just-noticeable differences (JNDs) in speed under ICEV, EV, and silent conditions. Thirty participants performed a 2AFC task in which, on each trial, they viewed two first-person highway clips (reference vs. comparison) and indicated which appeared faster. Results from ANOVA and post-hoc tests indicate that at the 40 km/h reference speed participants showed no clear differences across sound conditions, whereas at 100 km/h there were marked differences in JND: mean values were 1.93 km/h (ICEV), 3.48 km/h (EV), and 5.15 km/h (silence). A psychoacoustic parameter analysis suggests that this effect is not explained by speed-dependent changes in loudness or sharpness; we interpret that RPM-related, clearly audible frequency shifts in ICEV provide the primary contributory cue. For EV NVH or artificial sound design, enhancing speed-contingent, trackable spectral cues while respecting comfort may help maintain drivers' ability to discriminate speed differences.
Journal ref14th International Styrian Noise, Vibration \& Harshness Congress: The European Automotive Noise Conference, Jun 2026, Graz, Austria
