AI 中文总结
研究利用散射光子时间相关性探测超冷量子气体微观动力学，通过测量87Rb云散射光一阶相关函数，确定相关效应根源，用简单模型恢复理论与实验一致性，为冷气体非平衡动力学等研究铺平道路。
AI 中文摘要
利用散射光子的时间相关性来探测超冷量子气体的微观动力学，已成为一种强大的、微创的原位分析方法。本文表明，尽管探测光存在微扰效应，但时间相干光谱仍可定量表征磁阱中的原子运动。通过测量四极阱中87Rb云散射光的一阶相关函数g(1)(τ)，我们确定辐射压力引起的加速和加热是相干光谱与飞行时间测量推断温度之间明显差异的根源。一个包含这些效应的简单动力学模型恢复了理论与实验之间的一致性，确立了相干光谱作为捕获原子系综中速度分布的可靠原位探针。我们的结果为受限冷气体中非平衡动力学和热化过程的时间分辨研究铺平了道路，补充了传统的破坏性成像技术。
英文摘要
The use of temporal correlations in scattered photons to probe the microscopic dynamics of ultracold quantum gases has emerged as a powerful, minimally destructive approach for in situ analysis. Here, we demonstrate that temporal coherence spectroscopy can quantitatively characterize atomic motion in a magnetic trap, despite the perturbative effects of the probing light. By measuring the first-order correlation function g (1) ($τ$ ) of light scattered by a 87 Rb cloud confined in a quadrupole trap, we identify radiation-pressure-induced acceleration and heating as the origin of the apparent discrepancy between coherence spectra and temperatures inferred from time-of-flight measurements. A simple dynamical model incorporating these effects restores agreement between theory and experiment, establishing coherence spectroscopy as a reliable in situ probe of velocity distributions in trapped atomic ensembles. Our results pave the way for time-resolved studies of nonequilibrium dynamics and thermalization processes in confined cold gases, complementing conventional destructive imaging techniques.
